ATOS(1)                                                                ATOS(1)



NAME
       atos - tool to convert numeric addresses to symbols of binary images or
       processes

SYNOPSIS
       atos [ -p pid ] [ -o executable ] [ -f file ] [ -arch architecture ]  [
       address ..."  ]

DESCRIPTION
       The  atos  command converts numeric addresses to their symbolic equiva-
       lents.  It must be supplied with either the process id of  a  currently
       executing  process, or else the path to a Mach-O executable.  (Multiple
       process ids or paths can also be supplied if necessary, and the two can
       be mixed in any order.)  When working with a process id, atos considers
       addresses and symbols defined in all executables  currently  loaded  by
       that  process,  at  their loaded locations.  When working with a Mach-O
       executable, atos considers addresses and symbols defined in  that  exe-
       cutable,  at their default locations, as well as those from both stati-
       cally and dynamically linked libraries loaded at startup by  that  exe-
       cutable,  at  their  default locations.  In this case, however, it does
       not take into account possible relocation, nor does it  use  the  addi-
       tional library and framework search paths available to dyld (1).

       A numeric address will be converted into the symbol (if any) whose cor-
       responding range of addresses contains the specified  address.   If  an
       address cannot be converted using the first process or executable spec-
       ified, any other processes or executables specified will  be  used,  in
       the  order specified.  If an address still cannot be converted, it will
       be reprinted unchanged.  Results are printed out one to  a  line,  with
       numeric addresses given in hexadecimal format.

       Numeric  arguments  may be given in decimal format, or they may be pre-
       fixed by 0x or 0X and given in hexadecimal format.  With the  -f  flag,
       addresses may optionally be taken from a file, which will be read as if
       it contained whitespace-separated numeric  address  arguments.   If  no
       address  arguments are given on the command line, atos enters an inter-
       active mode, in which it takes addresses from stdin as if it were read-
       ing them from a file.

GETING SYMBOLS FOR A DIFERENT MACHINE ARCHITECTURE
       It  is  possible  to get symbols for addresses from a different machine
       architecture than the system on which atos is  running.   For  example,
       when  running  atos  on  an Intel-based system, one may wish to get the
       symbol for an address that came from a backtrace of a  process  running
       on  a  PowerPC  machine.   To  do so, use the -arch flag to specify the
       desired architecture (such as i386 or ppc) and pass in a  corresponding
       symbol-rich  Mach-O executable with a binary image of the corresponding
       architecture (such as a Universal Binary).



Apple Computer, Inc.             June 19, 1998                         ATOS(1)