NC(1)                     BSD General Commands Manual                    NC(1)

NAME
     nc (netcat) -- use network sockets from the command line

SYNOPSIS
     nc [-h]
      [-ruvz] [-g gateway] [-G num] [-i secs] [-p port] [-o file] [-s addr]
        [-w secs] hostname port[s] [ports] ...
      -l -p port [-nsuvwz] [-o file] [hostname] [port]

DESCRIPTION
     nc allows you to use network sockets (tcp or udp) from the shell.

     For connecting to remote sites, it's usually only necessary to supply the
     host or ip address and port for the connection.  For a listening on a
     socket, you must specify -l for listening, and -p port to specify the
     port on which you want to listen.

     The options are as follows (with C and S indicating whether the option
     applies to the "client" or "server" roles in a tcp conversation):

     -g gateway (C)
             Specifies a source routing hop for outbound connections.

     -G num (C)
             Can be used to specify the source routing pointer in the ip
             header, presumably in order to forge unused previous steps in the
             source routed path.

     -h      Minor help.

     -i secs (C)
             Delay interval for lines sent or ports scanned.

     -l (S)  Selects "listen" mode instead of connect mode so that people can
             connect to you.

     -n (S)  The -n option indicates that all ip addresses should be printed
             out instead of being looked up in the DNS.

     -o file (CS)
             Sends a hex-dump of the traffic to the specified file.

     -p local port number (CS)
             When connecting to a remote service, this is the port from which
             the connection will originate.  When listening for remote
             clients, this specifies the local port on which to listen.

     -r (C)  Randomizes local source ports and addresses for outbound connec-
             tions.

     -s source address (CS)
             Specifies the local source address on which to listen, or from
             which to connect.

     -u (CS)
             Selects UDP transport as opposed to TCP (the default).

     -v (CS)
             Turns on verbosity.  Use two (or more) for more verbosity.

     -w secs (CS)
             This sets a timeout for connects or for final net reads.

     -z (CS)
             Zero I/O mode.  While mostly used for scanning, I'm sure you
             could find a way to use it for connect mode.

     The nc utility exits after both input streams (it's stdin and the remote
     socket) have been closed.  It doesn't do this very well, and relies
     rather heavily on the network layers at both ends for this.

SEE ALSO
     cat(1)

HISTORY
     The nc utility, a "damn useful little backend utility" begun 950915 or
     thereabouts, as *Hobbit*'s first real stab at some sockets programming.
     Something that should have and indeed may have existed ten years ago, but
     never became a standard Unix utility.  IMHO, nc could take its place
     right next to cat, cp, rm, mv, dd, ls, and all those other cryptic and
     Unix-like things.

                                October 1, 1999