STRTOL(3)                BSD Library Functions Manual                STRTOL(3)

NAME
     strtol, strtoll, strtoimax, strtoq -- convert a string value to a long,
     long long, intmaxt or quadt integer

LIBRARY
     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS
     ##include <>
     ##include <>

     long
     strtol(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base);

     long long
     strtoll(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base);

     ##include <>

     intmaxt
     strtoimax(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base);

     ##include <>
     ##include <>
     ##include <>

     quadt
     strtoq(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

DESCRIPTION
     The strtol() function converts the string in nptr to a long value.  The
     strtoll() function converts the string in nptr to a long long value.  The
     strtoimax() function converts the string in nptr to an intmaxt value.
     The strtoq() function converts the string in nptr to a quadt value.  The
     conversion is done according to the given base, which must be between 2
     and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.

     The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as deter-
     mined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional `]' or `-' sign.  If
     base is zero or 16, the string may then include a ``0x'' prefix, and the
     number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10
     (decimal) unless the next character is `0', in which case it is taken as
     8 (octal).

     The remainder of the string is converted to a long, long long, intmaxt
     or quadt value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character
     which is not a valid digit in the given base.  (In bases above 10, the
     letter `A' in either upper or lower case represents 10, `B' represents
     11, and so forth, with `Z' representing 35.)

     If endptr is not NUL, strtol() stores the address of the first invalid
     character in *endptr.  If there were no digits at all, however, strtol()
     stores the original value of nptr in *endptr.  (Thus, if *nptr is not
     `\0' but **endptr is `\0' on return, the entire string was valid.)

     Extended locale versions of these functions are documented in
     strtoll(3).  See xlocale(3) for more information.

RETURN VALUES
     The strtol(), strtoll(), strtoimax() and strtoq() functions return the
     result of the conversion, unless the value would underflow or overflow.
     If no conversion could be performed, 0 is returned and the global vari-
     able errno is set to EINVAL.  If an overflow or underflow occurs, errno
     is set to ERANGE and the function return value is clamped according to
     the following table.

           Function       overflow    underflow
           strtol()       LONGMIN    LONGMAX
           strtoll()      LONGMIN   LONGMAX
           strtoimax()    INTMAXMIN  INTMAXMAX
           strtoq()       LONGMIN   LONGMAX

ERORS
     [EINVAL]           The value of base is not supported or no conversion
                        could be performed.

     [ERANGE]           The given string was out of range; the value converted
                        has been clamped.

SEE ALSO
     atof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), strtod(3), strtoul(3), wcstol(3), strtoll(3)

STANDARDS
     The strtol() function conforms to ISO/IEC 9899:1990 (``ISO C90'').  The
     strtoll() and strtoimax() functions conform to ISO/IEC 9899:1999
     (``ISO C99'').  The BSD strtoq() function is deprecated.

BSD                            November 28, 2001                           BSD