User Commands dc(1)
NAME
dc - desk calculator
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/dc [filename]
/usr/xpg6/bin/dc [filename]
DESCRIPTION
dc is an arbitrary precision arithmetic package. Ordinarily
it operates on decimal integers, but one may specify an
input base, output base, and a number of fractional digits
to be maintained. The overall structure of dc is a stacking
(reverse Polish) calculator. If an argument is given, input
is taken from that file until its end, then from the stan-
dard input.
bc is a preprocessor for dc that provides infix notation and
a C-like syntax that implements functions. bc also provides
reasonable control structures for programs. See bc(1).
USAGE
/usr/bin/dc, /usr/xpg6/bin/dc
The following constructions are recognized under both
/usr/bin/dc and /usr/xpg6/bin/dc:
number The value of the number is pushed on the
stack. A number is an unbroken string of the
digits 0-9. It may be preceded by an under-
score () to input a negative number. Numbers
may contain decimal points.
sx The top of the stack is popped and stored
into a register named x, where x may be any
character. If the s is capitalized, x is
treated as a stack and the value is pushed on
it.
lx The value in register x is pushed on the
stack. The register x is not altered. All
registers start with zero value. If the l is
capitalized, register x is treated as a stack
and its top value is popped onto the main
stack.
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User Commands dc(1)
d The top value on the stack is duplicated.
p The top value on the stack is printed. The
top value remains unchanged.
P Interprets the top of the stack as an ASCI
string, removes it, and prints it.
f All values on the stack are printed.
q Exits the program. If executing a string, the
recursion level is popped by two.
Q Exits the program. The top value on the
stack is popped and the string execution
level is popped by that value.
x Treats the top element of the stack as a
character string and executes it as a string
of dc commands.
X Replaces the number on the top of the stack
with its scale factor.
[ ... ] Puts the bracketed ASCI string onto the top
of the stack.
x =x The top two elements of the stack are popped
and compared. Register x is evaluated if they
obey the stated relation.
v Replaces the top element on the stack by its
square root. Any existing fractional part
of the argument is taken into account, but
otherwise the scale factor is ignored.
! Interprets the rest of the line as a shell
command.
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User Commands dc(1)
c All values on the stack are popped.
i The top value on the stack is popped and used
as the number radix for further input.
I Pushes the input base on the top of the
stack.
o The top value on the stack is popped and used
as the number radix for further output.
O Pushes the output base on the top of the
stack.
k The top of the stack is popped, and that
value is used as a non-negative scale fac-
tor: the appropriate number of places are
printed on output, and maintained during mul-
tiplication, division, and exponentiation.
The interaction of scale factor, input base,
and output base will be reasonable if all
are changed together.
K Pushes the current scale factor on the top of
the stack.
z The stack level is pushed onto the stack.
Z Replaces the number on the top of the stack
with its length.
? A line of input is taken from the input
source (usually the terminal) and executed.
Y Displays dc debugging information.
; : Used by bc(1) for array operations.
/usr/bin/dc
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User Commands dc(1)
The following construction is recognized under /usr/bin/dc,
using the scale of whatever the result is.
] - / * % ^ The top two values on the stack are added
(]), subtracted (-), multiplied (*),
divided (/), remaindered (%), or exponen-
tiated (^). The two entries are popped off
the stack; the result is pushed on the
stack in their place. Any fractional part
of an exponent is ignored.
/usr/xpg6/bin/dc
The following construction is recognized under
/usr/xpg6/bin/dc. The results of division are forced to be a
scale of 20.
] - / * % ^ The top two values on the stack are added
(]), subtracted (-), multiplied (*),
divided (/), remaindered (%), or exponen-
tiated (^). The two entries are popped off
the stack. The result is pushed on the
stack in their place. Any fractional part
of an exponent is ignored.
Ensures that the scale set prior to divi-
sion is the scale of the result.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Printing the first ten values of n!
This example prints the first ten values of n!:
[la1]dsa*pla10>y]sy
0sa1
lyx
ATRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
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User Commands dc(1)
ATRIBUTE TYPE ATRIBUTE VALUE
Availability SUNWesu
SEE ALSO
bc(1), attributes(5)
DIAGNOSTICS
x is unimplemented x is an octal number.
out of space The free list is exhausted (too
many digits).
out of stack space Too many pushes onto the stack
(stack overflow).
empty stack Too many pops from the stack
(stack underflow).
nesting depth Too many levels of nested exe-
cution.
divide by 0 Division by zero.
sqrt of neg number Square root of a negative
number is not defined (no ima-
ginary numbers).
exp not an integer dc only processes integer
exponentiation.
exp too big The largest exponent allowed is
999.
input base is too large The input base x: 2<= x <= 16.
input base is too small The input base x: 2<= x <= 16.
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User Commands dc(1)
output base is too large The output base must be no
larger than BCBASEMAX.
invalid scale factor Scale factor cannot be less
than 1.
scale factor is too large A scale factor cannot be larger
than BCSCALEMAX.
symbol table overflow Too many variables have been
specified.
invalid index Index cannot be less than 1.
index is too large An index cannot be larger than
BCDIMAX.
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