System Administration Commands disks(1M)
NAME
disks - creates /dev entries for hard disks attached to the
system
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/disks [-C] [-r rootdir]
DESCRIPTION
devfsadm(1M) is now the preferred command for /dev and
should be used instead of disks.
disks creates symbolic links in the /dev/dsk and /dev/rdsk
directories pointing to the actual disk device special files
under the /devices directory tree. It performs the following
steps:
1. disks searches the kernel device tree to see what
hard disks are attached to the system. It notes the
/devices pathnames for the slices on the drive and
determines the physical component of the
corresponding /dev/dsk or /dev/rdsk name.
2. The /dev/dsk and /dev/rdsk directories are checked
for disk entries - that is, symbolic links with
names of the form cN[tN]dNsN, or cN[tN]dNpN, where
N represents a decimal number. cN is the logical
controller number, an arbitrary number assigned by
this program to designate a particular disk con-
troller. The first controller found on the first
occasion this program is run on a system, is
assigned number 0. tN is the bus-address number of
a subsidiary controller attached to a peripheral
bus such as SCSI or IPI (the target number for
SCSI, and the facility number for IPI controllers).
dN is the number of the disk attached to the con-
troller. sN is the slice number on the disk. pN is
the FDISK partition number used by fdisk(1M). (x86
Only)
3. If only some of the disk entries are found in
/dev/dsk for a disk that has been found under the
/devices directory tree, disks creates the missing
symbolic links. If none of the entries for a par-
ticular disk are found in /dev/dsk, disks checks to
see if any entries exist for other disks attached
to the same controller, and if so, creates new
entries using the same controller number as used
for other disks on the same controller. If no other
/dev/dsk entries are found for slices of disks
belonging to the same physical controller as the
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System Administration Commands disks(1M)
current disk, disks assigns the lowest-unused con-
troller number and creates entries for the disk
slices using this newly-assigned controller number.
disks is run automatically each time a reconfiguration-boot
is performed or when adddrv(1M) is executed. When invoking
disks manually, first run drvconfig(1M) to ensure /devices
is consistent with the current device configuration.
Notice to Driver Writers
disks considers all devices with a node type of
DINTBLOCK, DINTBLOCKCHAN, DINTCD, DINTBLOCKWN
or DINTCDCHAN to be disk devices. disks requires the
minor name of disk devices obey the following format conven-
tions.
The minor name for block interfaces consists of a single
lowercase ASCI character, a through u, representing the
slices and the primary partitions. The minor name for logi-
cal drive block interfaces consists of the strings p5
through p36. The minor name for character (raw) interfaces
consists of a single lowercase ASCI character, a through a,
followed by the string ,raw, representing the slices and the
primary partitions. The minor name for logical drive charac-
ter (raw) interfaces consists of the string p5 through p36
followed by ,raw.
disks performs the following translations:
o a through p to s0 through s15
o q through u to p0 through p4
o p5 through p36 to p5 through p36
SPARC drivers should only use the first eight slices: a
through h, while x86 drivers can use a through u, with q
through u corresponding to fdisk(1M) primary partitions. q
represents the entire disk, while r, s, t, and u represent
up to four additional primary partitions. For logical
drives, p5 to p36 correspond to the 32 logical drives that
are supported. The device nodes for logical drives change
dynamically as and when they are created or deleted.
To prevent disks from attempting to automatically generate
links for a device, drivers must specify a private node type
and refrain from using a node type: DINTBLOCK,
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System Administration Commands disks(1M)
DINTBLOCKCHAN, DINTCD, or DINTCDCHAN when calling
ddicreateminornode(9F).
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-C Causes disks to remove any invalid links after
adding any new entries to /dev/dsk and
/dev/rdsk. Invalid links are links which refer
to non-existent disk nodes that have been
removed, powered off, or are otherwise inac-
cessible.
-r rootdir Causes disks to presume that the /dev/dsk,
/dev/rdsk and /devices directory trees are
found under rootdir, not directly under /.
ERORS
If disks finds entries of a particular logical controller
linked to different physical controllers, it prints an error
message and exits without making any changes to the /dev
directory, since it cannot determine which of the two alter-
native logical-to-physical mappings is correct. The links
should be manually corrected or removed before another
reconfiguration-boot is performed.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Creating Block and Character Minor Devices
The following example demonstrates creating the block and
character minor devices from within the xkdisk driver's
attach(9E) function.
#include
/*
* Create the minor number by combining the instance number
* with the slice number.
*/
#define MINORNUM(i, s) ((i) << 4 (s))
int
xkdiskattach(devinfot *dip, ddiattachcmdt cmd)
{
int instance, slice;
char name[8];
/* other stuff in attach... */
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instance = ddigetinstance(dip);
for (slice = 0; slice < VNUMPAR; slice]) {
/*
* create block device interface
*/
sprintf(name, "%c", slice ] 'a');
ddicreateminornode(dip, name, SIFBLK,
MINORNUM(instance, slice), DINTBLOCKCHAN, 0);
/*
* create the raw (character) device interface
*/
sprintf(name,"%c,raw", slice ] 'a');
ddicreateminornode(dip, name, SIFCHR,
MINORNUM(instance, slice), DINTBLOCKCHAN, 0);
}
}
Installing the xkdisk disk driver on a Sun Fire 4800, with
the driver controlling a SCSI disk (target 3 attached to an
isp(7D) SCSI HBA) and performing a reconfiguration-boot
(causing disks to be run) creates the following special
files in /devices.
# ls -l /devices/ssm@0,0/pci@18,700000/pci@1/SUNW,isptwo@4/
brw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 16 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:a
crw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 16 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:a,raw
brw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 17 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:b
crw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 17 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:b,raw
brw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 18 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:c
crw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 18 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:c,raw
brw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 19 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:d
crw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 19 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:d,raw
brw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 20 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:e
crw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 20 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:e,raw
brw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 21 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:f
crw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 21 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:f,raw
brw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 22 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:g
crw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 22 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:g,raw
brw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 23 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:h
crw-r----- 1 root sys 32, 23 Aug 29 00:02 xkdisk@3,0:h,raw
/dev/dsk will contain the disk entries to the block device
nodes in /devices
# ls -l /dev/dsk
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/dev/dsk/c0t3d0s0 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:a
/dev/dsk/c0t3d0s1 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:b
/dev/dsk/c0t3d0s2 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:c
/dev/dsk/c0t3d0s3 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:d
/dev/dsk/c0t3d0s4 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:e
/dev/dsk/c0t3d0s5 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:f
/dev/dsk/c0t3d0s6 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:g
/dev/dsk/c0t3d0s7 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:h
and /dev/rdsk will contain the disk entries for the charac-
ter device nodes in /devices
# ls -l /dev/rdsk
/dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:a,raw
/dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s1 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:b,raw
/dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s2 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:c,raw
/dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s3 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:d,raw
/dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s4 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:e,raw
/dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s5 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:f,raw
/dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s6 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:g,raw
/dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s7 -> ../../devices/[...]/xkdisk@3,0:h,raw
FILES
/dev/dsk/* Disk entries (block device interface)
/dev/rdsk/* Disk entries (character device interface)
/devices/* Device special files (minor device nodes)
ATRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
ATRIBUTE TYPE ATRIBUTE VALUE
Availability SUNWcsu
SEE ALSO
adddrv(1M), devfsadm(1M), fdisk(1M), attributes(5),
isp(7D), devfs(7FS), dkio(7I), attach(9E),
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System Administration Commands disks(1M)
ddicreateminornode(9F)
BUGS
disks silently ignores malformed minor device names.
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