User Commands eqn(1)
NAME
eqn, neqn, checkeq - typeset mathematics test
SYNOPSIS
eqn [-d xy] [ -f n] [-p n] [ -s n] [file]...
neqn [file]...
checkeq [file]...
DESCRIPTION
eqn and neqn are language processors to assist in describing
equations. eqn is a preprocessor for troff(1) and is
intended for devices that can print troff's output. neqn is
a preprocessor for nroff(1) and is intended for use with
terminals. Usage is almost always:
example% eqn file ... troff
example% neqn file ... nroff
If no files are specified, eqn and neqn read from the stan-
dard input. A line beginning with .EQ marks the start of an
equation. The end of an equation is marked by a line begin-
ning with .EN. Neither of these lines is altered, so they
may be defined in macro packages to get centering, number-
ing, and so on. It is also possible to set two characters
as ``delimiters''; subsequent text between delimiters is
also treated as eqn input.
checkeq reports missing or unbalanced delimiters and .EQ/.EN
pairs.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-dxy Sets equation delimiters set to characters x and y
with the command-line argument. The more common way
to do this is with delim xy between .EQ and .EN.
The left and right delimiters may be identical.
Delimiters are turned off by delim off appearing in
the text. All text that is neither between delim-
iters nor between .EQ and .EN is passed through
untouched.
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User Commands eqn(1)
-fn Changes font to n globally in the document. The
font can also be changed globally in the body of
the document by using the gfont n directive, where
n is the font specification.
-pn Reduces subscripts and superscripts by n point
sizes from the previous size. In the absence of
the -p option, subscripts and superscripts are
reduced by 3 point sizes from the previous size.
-sn Changes point size to n globally in the document.
The point size can also be changed globally in the
body of the document by using the gsize n direc-
tive, where n is the point size.
OPERANDS
The following operands are supported:
file The nroff or troff file processed by eqn or neqn.
EQN LANGUAGE
The nroff version of this description depicts the output of
neqn to the terminal screen exactly as neqn is able to
display it. To see an accurate depiction of the output, view
the printed version of this page.
Tokens within eqn are separated by braces, double quotes,
tildes, circumflexes, SPACE, TAB, or NEWLINE characters.
Braces {} are used for grouping. Generally speaking, any-
where a single character like x could appear, a complicated
construction enclosed in braces may be used instead. A tilde
(~) represents a full SPACE in the output; a circumflex (^)
half as much.
Subscripts and superscripts:
These are produced with the keywords sub and sup.
x sub i makes xi
2
a sub i sup 2 produces ai
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User Commands eqn(1)
e sup {x sup 2 ] y sup 2} gives e^(x^2]y^2)
Fractions:
Fractions are made with over.
a over b yields b
Square Roots:
These are made with sqrt
1 over sqrt {ax sup 2 ]bx]c}
results in
\ax2]bx]c
Limits:
The keywords from and to introduce lower and upper lim-
its on arbitrary things:
lim from {n-> inf } sum from 0 to n x sub i
n
makes lim ~>xi
n->oo0
Brackets and Braces:
Left and right brackets, braces, and the like, of the
right height are made with left and right.
left [ x sup 2 ] y up 2 over alpha right ] ~=~1
= 1
produces x2]= -> and
!= are recognized.
Greek letters:
Greek letters are spelled out in the desired case, as in
alpha or GAMA.
Mathematical words:
Mathematical words like sin, cos, and log are made
Roman automatically.
troff(1) four-character escapes like ]o (]o) can be used any-
where. Strings enclosed in double quotes "..." are passed
through untouched; this permits keywords to be entered as
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User Commands eqn(1)
text, and can be used to communicate with troff when all
else fails.
ATRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
ATRIBUTE TYPE ATRIBUTE VALUE
Availability SUNWdoc
SEE ALSO
nroff(1), tbl(1), troff(1), attributes(5), ms(5)
BUGS
To embolden characters such as digits and parentheses, it
is necessary to quote them, as in `bold "12.3"'.
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