System Administration Commands fuser(1M)
NAME
fuser - identify users of files and devices
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/fuser [-c -d -f] [-nu] [-k -s sig] files
[ [- ] [-c -d -f] [-nu] [-k -s sig] files] ...
DESCRIPTION
The fuser utility displays the process IDs of the processes
that are using the files specified as arguments.
Each process ID is followed by a letter code. These letter
codes are interpreted as follows. If the process is using
the file as
c Indicates that the process is using the file as its
current directory.
m Indicates that the process is using a file mapped with
mmap(2). See mmap(2) for details.
n Indicates that the process is holding a non-blocking
mandatory lock on the file.
o Indicates that the process is using the file as an open
file.
r Indicates that the process is using the file as its
root directory.
t Indicates that the process is using the file as its
text file.
y Indicates that the process is using the file as its
controlling terminal.
For block special devices with mounted file systems, all
processes using any file on that device are listed. For all
types of files (text files, executables, directories, dev-
ices, and so forth), only the processes using that file are
reported.
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System Administration Commands fuser(1M)
For all types of devices, fuser also displays any known ker-
nel consumers that have the device open. Kernel consumers
are displayed in one of the following formats:
[modulename]
[modulename,devpath=path]
[modulename,dev=(major,minor)]
[modulename,dev=(major,minor),devpath=path]
If more than one group of files are specified, the options
may be respecified for each additional group of files. A
lone dash cancels the options currently in force.
The process IDs are printed as a single line on the standard
output, separated by spaces and terminated with a single new
line. All other output is written on standard error.
Any user can run fuser, but only the superuser can terminate
another user's process.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-c Reports on files that are mount points for file
systems, and any files within that mounted file
system.
-d Report device usage information for all minor
nodes bound to the same device node as the speci-
fied minor node. This option does not report file
usage for files within a mounted file system.
-f Prints a report for the named file, not for files
within a mounted file system.
-k Sends the SIGKIL signal to each process. Since
this option spawns kills for each process, the
kill messages may not show up immediately (see
kill(2)). No signals will be sent to kernel file
consumers.
-n Lists only processes with non-blocking mandatory
locks on a file.
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System Administration Commands fuser(1M)
-s sig Sends a signal to each process. The sig option
argument specifies one of the symbolic names
defined in the header, or a decimal
integer signal number. If sig is a symbolic name,
it is recognized in a case-independent fashion,
without the SIG prefix. The -k option is
equivalent to -s KIL or -s 9. No signals will be
sent to kernel file consumers.
-u Displays the user login name in parentheses fol-
lowing the process ID.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Reporting on the Mount Point and Files
The following example reports on the mount point and files
within the mounted file system.
example% fuser -c /export/foo
Example 2 Restricting Output when Reporting on the Mount
Point and Files
The following example reports on the mount point and files
within the mounted file system, but the output is restricted
to processes that hold non-blocking mandatory locks.
example% fuser -cn /export/foo
Example 3 Sending SIGTERM to Processes Holding a Non-
blocking Mandatory Lock
The following command sends SIGTERM to any processes that
hold a non-blocking mandatory lock on file
/export/foo/myfile.
example% fuser -fn -s term /export/foo/myfile
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System Administration Commands fuser(1M)
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment
variables that affect the execution of fuser: LANG, LCAL
LCTYPE, LCMESAGES, and NLSPATH.
ATRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
ATRIBUTE TYPE ATRIBUTE VALUE
Availability SUNWcsu
Interface Stability Standard
SEE ALSO
ps(1), mount(1M), kill(2), mmap(2), signal(3C), attri-
butes(5), environ(5), standards(5)
NOTES
Because fuser works with a snapshot of the system image, it
may miss processes that begin using a file while fuser is
running. Also, processes reported as using a file may have
stopped using it while fuser was running. These factors
should discourage the use of the -k option.
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