System Administration Commands monitor(1M)
NAME
monitor - SPARC system PROM monitor
SYNOPSIS
STOP-A
BREAK
initial system power-on
exit from a client program, e.g., the Operating System
DESCRIPTION
The CPU board of a workstation contains one or more EPROMs
or EPROMs. The program which executes from the PROMs is
referred to as "the monitor". Among other things, the moni-
tor performs system initialization at power-on and provides
a user interface.
Monitor Prompt
The monitor of earlier workstations was known as the SunMON
monitor and displayed the > for its prompt. See the SunMON
MONITOR USAGE section for further details.
Existing workstations use a monitor which is known as the
OpenBoot monitor. The OpenBoot monitor typically displays
ok as its prompt, but it may also display the > prompt under
certain circumstances.
If the 'auto-boot?' NVRAM parameter is set to 'false' when
the workstation is powered on, the system does not attempt
to boot and the monitor issues its prompt. If 'auto-boot' is
set to 'true', the system initiates the boot sequence. The
boot sequence can be aborted by simultaneously pressing two
keys on the system's keyboard: L1 and A (on older key-
boards), or Stop and A (on newer keyboards). Either a lower
case a or an upper case A works for the keyboard abort
sequence. If a console has been attached by way of one of
the system's serial ports then the abort sequence can be
accomplished by sending a BREAK. See tip(1).
When the NVRAM 'security-mode' parameter has been turned on,
or when the value of the 'sunmon-compat?' parameter is true,
then the OpenBoot monitor displays the message: Type b
(boot), c (continue), or n (new command mode)
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and the > prompt appears.
OPENBOT PROM USAGE
Some of the more useful commands that can be issued from
OpenBoot's ok prompt are described here. Refer to the
book for a complete list of commands.
Help
Help for various functional areas of the OpenBoot monitor
can be obtained by typing help. The help listing provides a
number of other key words which can then be used in the help
command to provide further details.
NVRAM Parameters
Each workstation contains one or more NVRAM devices which
contains unique system ID information, as well as a set of
user-configurable parameters. The NVRAM parameters allow
the user a certain level of flexibility in configuring the
system to act in a given manner under a specific set of cir-
cumstances.
See eeprom(1M) for a description of the parameters and
information regarding setting the parameters from the OS
level.
The following commands can be used at the OpenBoot monitor
to access the NVRAM parameters.
printenv Used to list the NVRAM parameters, along
with their default values and current
values.
setenv pn pv Used to set or modify a parameter. The pn
represents the parameter name, and pv
represents the parameter value.
set-default pn Used to set an individual parameter back
to its default value.
set-defaults Used to reset all parameters to their
default values. (Note that 'set-defaults'
only affects parameters that have assigned
default values.)
Security Parameters
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Newer OpenBoot monitors contain user interfaces that support
the storage and listing of keys for later use by client pro-
grams.
list-security-keys
Lists the names of keys currently stored on a machine.
set-security-key keyname [ keydata ]
Stores key data keydata in a key named keyname. Actual
key data can be up to 32 bytes in length. The maximum
length of keyname is 64 bytes, which allows for the
hex-formatted ASCI used to present the key data. If
keydata is not present, keyname and its corresponding
data is deleted.
Hardware Checks and Diagnostics
The following commands are available for testing or checking
the system's hardware. If the 'diag-switch?' NVRAM parame-
ter is set to true when the system is powered on, then a
Power-On Self Test (POST) diagnostic is run, if present,
sending its results messages to the system's serial port A.
Not all of the commands shown are available on all worksta-
tions.
test-all Run the diagnostic tests on each device
which has provided a self-test.
test floppy Run diagnostics on the system's floppy dev-
ice.
test /memory Run the main memory tests. If the NVRAM
parameter 'diag-switch?' is set to true,
then all of main memory is tested. If the
parameter is false then only the amount of
memory specified in the 'selftest-#megs'
NVRAM parameter is tested.
test net Test the network connection for the on-
board network controller.
watch-net Monitor the network attached to the on-
board net controller.
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watch-net-all Monitor the network attached to the on-
board net controller, as well as the net-
work controllers installed in SBus slots.
watch-clock Test the system's clock function.
System Information
The following commands are available for displaying informa-
tion about the system. Not all commands are available on
all workstations.
banner Display the power-on banner.
.enet-addr Display the system's Ethernet address.
.idprom Display the formatted contents of the
IDPROM.
module-info Display information about the system's
processor(s).
probe-scsi Identify the devices attached to the on-
board SCSI controller.
probe-scsi-all Identify the devices attached to the on-
board SCSI controller as well as those
devices which are attached to SBus SCSI
controllers.
show-disks Display a list of the device paths for
installed SCSI disk controllers.
show-displays Display a list of the device paths for
installed display devices.
show-nets Display a list of the device paths for
installed Ethernet controllers.
show-sbus Display list of installed SBus devices.
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show-tapes Display a list of the device paths for
installed SCSI tape controllers.
show-ttys Display a list of the device paths for tty
devices.
.traps Display a list of the SPARC trap types.
.version Display the version and date of the Open-
Boot PROM.
Emergency Commands
These commands must be typed from the keyboard, they do not
work from a console which is attached by way of the serial
ports. With the exception of the Stop-A command, these com-
mands are issued by pressing and holding down the indicated
keys on the keyboard immediately after the system has been
powered on. The keys must be held down until the monitor
has checked their status. The Stop-A command can be issued
at any time after the console display begins, and the keys
do not need to be held down once they've been pressed. The
Stop-D, Stop-F and Stop-N commands are not allowed when one
of the security modes has been set. Not all commands are
available on all workstations.
Stop (L1) Bypass the Power-On Self Test (POST). This
is only effective if the system has been
placed into the diagnostic mode.
Stop-A (L1-A) Abort the current operation and return to
the monitor's default prompt.
Stop-D (L1-D) Set the system's 'diag-switch?' NVRAM
parameter to 'true', which places the sys-
tem in diagnostic mode. POST diagnostics,
if present, are run, and the messages are
displayed by way of the system's serial
port A.
Stop-F (L1-F) Enter the OpenBoot monitor before the moni-
tor has probed the system for devices.
Issue the 'fexit' command to continue with
system initialization.
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Stop-N (L1-N) Causes the NVRAM parameters to be reset to
their default values. Note that not all
parameters have default values.
Line Editor Commands
The following commands can be used while the monitor is
displaying the ok prompt. Not all of these editing commands
are available on all workstations.
CTRL-A Place the cursor at the start of line.
CTRL-B Move the cursor backward one character.
ESC-B Move the cursor backward one word.
CTRL-D Erase the character that the cursor is currently
highlighting.
ESC-D Erase the portion of word from the cursor's
present position to the end of the word.
CTRL-E Place the cursor at the end of line.
CTRL-F Move the cursor forward one character.
ESC-F Move the cursor forward one word.
CTRL-H Erase the character preceding the cursor (also use
Delete or Back Space)
ESC-H Erase the portion of the word which precedes the
cursor (use also CTRL-W)
CTRL-K Erase from the cursor's present position to the
end of the line.
CTRL-L Show the command history list.
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CTRL-N Recall the next command from the command history
list
CTRL-P Recall a previous command from the command history
list.
CTRL-Q Quote the next character (used to type a control
character).
CTRL-R Retype the current line.
CTRL-U Erase from the cursor's present position to the
beginning of the line.
CTRL-Y Insert the contents of the memory buffer into the
line, in front (to the left) of the cursor.
nvramrc
The nvramrc is an area of the system's NVRAM where users may
store Forth programs. The programs which are stored in the
nvramrc are executed each time the system is reset, provided
that the 'use-nvramrc?' NVRAM parameter has been set to
'true'. Refer to the book for information on how to edit and
use the nvramrc.
Restricted Monitor
The command 'old-mode' is used to move OpenBoot into a res-
tricted monitor mode, causing the > prompt to be displayed.
Only three commands are allowed while in the restricted mon-
itor; the 'go' command (to resume a program which was inter-
rupted with the Stop-A command), the 'n' command (to return
to the normal OpenBoot monitor), and boot commands. The
restricted monitor's boot commands approximate the older
SunMON monitor's boot command syntax. If a 'security-mode'
has been turned on then the restricted monitor becomes the
default monitor environment. The restricted monitor may
also become the default environment if the 'sunmon-compat?'
NVRAM parameter is set to true. Not all workstations have
the 'sunmon-compat?' parameter.
SUNMON PROM USAGE
The following commands are available systems with older
SunMON-based PROM:
]-
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Increment or decrement the current address and display
the contents of the new location.
^C source destination n
(caret-C) Copy, byte-by-byte, a block of length n from
the source address to the destination address.
^I program
(caret-I) Display the compilation date and location of
program.
^T virtualaddress
(caret-T) Display the physical address to which
virtualaddress is mapped.
b [ ! ] [ device [ (c,u,p) ] ] [ pathname ] [ argumentslist
]
b[?]
Reset appropriate parts of the system and bootstrap a
program. A `!' (preceding the device argument) prevents
the system reset from occurring. Programs can be loaded
from various devices (such as a disk, tape, or Ether-
net). `b' with no arguments causes a default boot,
either from a disk, or from an Ethernet controller. `b?'
displays all boot devices and their devices.
device one of
le Lance Ethernet
ie Intel Ethernet
sd SCSI disk, CDROM
st SCSI 1/4" or 1/2" tape
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fd Diskette
id IPI disk
mt Tape Master 9-track 1/2" tape
xd Xylogics 7053 disk
xt Xylogics 1/2" tape
xy Xylogics 440/450 disk
c A controller number (0 if only one
controller),
u A unit number (0 if only one driver),
and
p A partition.
pathname A pathname for a program such as
/stand/diag.
argumentslist A list of up to seven arguments to
pass to the program being booted.
c [virtualaddress]
Resume execution of a program. When given,
virtualaddress is the address at which execution
resumes. The default is the current PC. Registers are
restored to the values shown by the d, and r commands.
d [windownumber]
Display (dump) the state of the processor. The processor
state is observable only after:
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o An unexpected trap was encountered.
o A user program dropped into the monitor (by
calling abortent).
o The user manually entered the monitor by typing
L1-A or BREAK.
The display consists of the following:
o The special registers: PSR, PC, nPC, TBR, WIM,
and Y
o Eight global registers
o 24 window registers (8 in, 8 local, and 8 out),
corresponding to one of the 7 available win-
dows. If a Floating-Point Unit is on board,
its status register along with 32 floating-
point registers are also shown.
windownumber Display the indicated windownumber,
which can be any value between 0 and 6,
inclusive. If no window is specified
and the PSR's current window pointer
contains a valid window number, regis-
ters from the window that was active
just prior to entry into the monitor
are displayed. Otherwise, registers
from window 0 are displayed.
e [virtualaddress][action] ...
Open the 16-bit word at virtualaddress (default zero).
The address is interpreted in the address space defined
by the s command. See the a command for a description of
action.
f virtualaddress1 virtualaddress2 pattern [size]
Fill the bytes, words, or long words from
virtualaddress1 (lower) to virtualaddress2 (higher)
with the constant, pattern. The size argument can take
one of the following values:
b byte format (the default)
w word format
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l long word format
For example, the following command fills the address
block from 0x1000 to 0x2000 with the word pattern,
0xABCD:
f 1000 2000 ABCD W
g [vector] [argument]
g [virtualaddress] [argument]
Goto (jump to) a predetermined or default routine (first
form), or to a user-specified routine (second form).
The value of argument is passed to the routine. If the
vector or virtualaddress argument is omitted, the value
in the PC is used as the address to jump to.
To set up a predetermined routine to jump to, a user
program must, prior to executing the monitor's g com-
mand, set the variable *romp->vvectorcmd to be equal
to the virtual address of the desired routine. Predeter-
mined routines need not necessarily return control to
the monitor.
The default routine, defined by the monitor, prints the
user-supplied vector according to the format supplied in
argument. This format can be one of:
%x hexadecimal
%d decimal
g0
Force a panic and produce a crash dump when the monitor
is running as a result of the system being interrupted,
g4
(Sun-4 systems only) Force a kernel stack trace when
the monitor is running as a result of the system being
interrupted,
h
Display the help menu for monitor commands and their
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descriptions. To return to the monitor's basic command
level, press ESCAPE or q before pressing RETURN.
i [cachedataoffset] [action]...
Modify cache data RAM command. Display and/or modify
one or more of the cache data addresses. See the a com-
mand for a description of action.
j [cachetagoffset] [action]...
Modify cache tag RAM command. Display and/or modify the
contents of one or more of the cache tag addresses. See
the a command for a description of action.
k [resetlevel]
Reset the system, where resetlevel is:
0 Reset VMEbus, interrupt registers, video monitor
(Sun-4 systems). This is the default.
1 Software reset.
2 Power-on reset. Resets and clears the memory. Runs
the EPROM-based diagnostic self test, which can
take several minutes, depending upon how much
memory is being tested.
kb
Display the system banner.
l [virtualaddress][action]...
Open the long word (32 bit) at memory address
virtualaddress (default zero). The address is inter-
preted in the address space defined by the s command
(below). See the a command for a description of action.
m [virtualaddress][action]...
Open the segment map entry that maps virtualaddress
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(default zero). The address is interpreted in the
address space defined by the s command. See the a com-
mand for a description of action.
ne
ni
Disable, enable, or invalidate the cache, respectively.
o [virtualaddress][action]...
Open the byte location specified by virtualaddress
(default zero). The address is interpreted in the
address space defined by the s command. See the a com-
mand for a description of action.
p [virtualaddress][action]...
Open the page map entry that maps virtualaddress
(default zero) in the address space defined by the s
command. See the a command for a description of action.
q [eepromoffset][action]...
Open the EPROM eepromoffset (default zero) in the
EPROM address space. All addresses are referenced from
the beginning or base of the EPROM in physical address
space, and a limit check is performed to insure that no
address beyond the EPROM physical space is accessed.
This command is used to display or modify configuration
parameters, such as: the amount of memory to test during
self test, whether to display a standard or custom
banner, if a serial port (A or B) is to be the system
console, etc. See the a command for a description of
action.
r [registernumber]
r [registertype]
r [w windownumber]
Display and/or modify one or more of the IU or FPU
registers. A hexadecimal registernumber can be one of:
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0x00-0x0f window(0,i0)-window(0,i7),
window(0,i0)-window(0,i7)
0x16-0x1f window(1,i0)-window(1,i7),
window(1,i0)-window(1,i7)
0x20-0x2f window(2,i0)-window(2,i7),
window(2,i0)-window(2,i7)
0x30-0x3f window(3,i0)-window(3,i7),
window(3,i0)-window(3,i7)
0x40-0x4f window(4,i0)-window(4,i7),
window(4,i0)-window(4,i7)
0x50-0x5f window(5,i0)-window(5,i7),
window(5,i0)-window(5,i7)
0x60-0x6f window(6,i0)-window(6,i7),
window(6,i0)-window(6,i7)
0x70-0x77 g0, g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7
0x78-0x7d PSR, PC, nPC, WIM, TBR, Y.
0x7e-0x9e FSR, f0-f31
Register numbers can only be displayed after an unex-
pected trap, a user program has entered the monitor
using the abortent function, or the user has entered the
monitor by manually typing L1-A or BREAK.
If a registertype is given, the first register of the
indicated type is displayed. registertype can be one
of:
f floating-point
g global
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s special
If w and a windownumber (0-6) are given, the first in-
register within the indicated window is displayed. If
windownumber is omitted, the window that was active
just prior to entering the monitor is used. If the
PSR's current window pointer is invalid, window 0 is
used.
s [asi])
Set or display the Address Space Identifier. With no
argument, s displays the current Address Space Identif-
ier. The asi value can be one of:
0x2 control space
0x3 segment table
0x4 Page table
0x8 user instruction
0x9 supervisor instruction
0xa user data
0xb supervisor data
0xc flush segment
0xd flush page
0xe flush context
0xf cache data
u [ echo ]
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u [ port ] [ options ] [ baudrate ]
u [ u ] [ virtualaddress ]
With no arguments, display the current I/O device
characteristics including: current input device, current
output device, baud rates for serial ports A and B, an
input-to-output echo indicator, and virtual addresses of
mapped UART devices. With arguments, set or configure
the current I/O device. With the u argument (uu...),
set the I/O device to be the virtualaddress of a UART
device currently mapped.
echo Can be either e to enable input to be
echoed to the output device, or ne, to
indicate that input is not echoed.
port Assign the indicated port to be the current
I/O device. port can be one of:
a serial port A
b serial port B
k the workstation keyboard
s the workstation screen
baudrate Any legal baud rate.
options can be any combination of:
i input
o output
u UART
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e echo input to output
ne do not echo input
r reset indicated serial port (a and b
ports only)
If either a or b is supplied, and no options
are given, the serial port is assigned for
both input and output. If k is supplied with
no options, it is assigned for input only.
If s is supplied with no options, it is
assigned for output only.
v virtualaddress1 virtualaddress2 [size]
Display the contents of virtualaddress1 (lower)
virtualaddress2 (higher) in the format specified by
size:
b byte format (the default)
w word format
l long word format
Enter return to pause for viewing; enter another return
character to resume the display. To terminate the
display at any time, press the space bar.
For example, the following command displays the contents
of virtual address space from address 0x1000 to 0x2000
in word format:
v 1000 2000 W
w [virtualaddress][argument]
Set the execution vector to a predetermined or default
routine. Pass virtualaddress and argument to that rou-
tine.
To set up a predetermined routine to jump to, a user
program must, prior to executing the monitor's w com-
mand, set the variable *romp->vvectorcmd to be equal
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to the virtual address of the desired routine. Predeter-
mined routines need not necessarily return control to
the monitor.
The default routine, defined by the monitor, prints the
user-supplied vector according to the format supplied in
argument. This format can be one of:
%x hexadecimal
%d decimal
x
Display a menu of extended tests. These diagnostics per-
mit additional testing of such things as the I/O port
connectors, video memory, workstation memory and key-
board, and boot device paths.
yc contextnumber
yps contextnumber virtualaddress
Flush the indicated context, context page, or context
segment.
c flush context contextnumber
p flush the page beginning at virtualaddress within
context contextnumber
s flush the segment beginning at virtualaddress
within context contextnumber
ATRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
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ATRIBUTE TYPE ATRIBUTE VALUE
Architecture SPARC
SEE ALSO
tip(1), boot(1M), eeprom(1M), attributes(5)
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