Standards, Environments, and Macros ms(5)
NAME
ms - text formatting macros
SYNOPSIS
nroff -ms [options] filename...
troff -ms [options] filename...
DESCRIPTION
This package of nroff(1) and troff(1) macro definitions pro-
vides a formatting facility for various styles of articles,
theses, and books. When producing 2-column output on a ter-
minal or lineprinter, or when reverse line motions are
needed, filter the output through col(1). All external -ms
macros are defined below.
Note: this -ms macro package is an extended version written
at Berkeley and is a superset of the standard -ms macro
packages as supplied by Bell Labs. Some of the Bell Labs
macros have been removed; for instance, it is assumed that
the user has little interest in producing headers stating
that the memo was generated at Whippany Labs.
Many nroff and troff requests are unsafe in conjunction with
this package. However, the first four requests below may be
used with impunity after initialization, and the last two
may be used even before initialization:
.bp begin new page
.br break output line
.sp n insert n spacing lines
.ce n center next n lines
.ls n line spacing: n=1 single, n=2 double space
.na no alignment of right margin
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Standards, Environments, and Macros ms(5)
Font and point size changes with \f and \s are also allowed;
for example, \fIword\fR will italicize word. Output of the
tbl(1), eqn(1) and refer(1) preprocessors for equations,
tables, and references is acceptable as input.
REQUESTS
Macro Name Initial Value Break? Reset? Explanation
.AB x - y begin abstract; if x=no do not label
abstract
.AE - y end abstract
.AI - y author's institution
.AM - n better accent mark definitions
.AU - y author's name
.B x - n embolden x; if no x, switch to boldface
.B1 - y begin text to be enclosed in a box
.B2 - y end boxed text and print it
.BT date n bottom title, printed at foot of page
.BX x - n print word x in a box
.CM if t n cut mark between pages
.CT - y,y chapter title: page number moved to CF
(TM only)
.DA x if n n force date x at bottom of page; today if
no x
.DE - y end display (unfilled text) of any kind
.DS x y I y begin display with keep; x=I,L,C,B;
y=indent
.ID y 8n,.5i y indented display with no keep; y=indent
.LD - y left display with no keep
.CD - y centered display with no keep
.BD - y block display; center entire block
.EF x - n even page footer x (3 part as for .tl)
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Standards, Environments, and Macros ms(5)
.EH x - n even page header x (3 part as for .tl)
.EN - y end displayed equation produced by eqn
.EQ x y - y break out equation; x=L,I,C; y=equation
number
.FE - n end footnote to be placed at bottom of
page
.FP - n numbered footnote paragraph; may be
redefined
.FS x - n start footnote; x is optional footnote
label
.HD undef n optional page header below header margin
.I x - n italicize x; if no x, switch to italics
.IP x y - y,y indented paragraph, with hanging tag x;
y=indent
.IX x y - y index words x y and so on (up to 5 lev-
els)
.KE - n end keep of any kind
.KF - n begin floating keep; text fills
remainder of page
.KS - y begin keep; unit kept together on a sin-
gle page
.LG - n larger; increase point size by 2
.LP - y,y left (block) paragraph.
.MC x - y,y multiple columns; x=column width
.ND x if t n no date in page footer; x is date on
cover
.NH x y - y,y numbered header; x=level, x=0 resets,
x=S sets to y
.NL 10p n set point size back to normal
.OF x - n odd page footer x (3 part as for .tl)
.OH x - n odd page header x (3 part as for .tl)
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Standards, Environments, and Macros ms(5)
.P1 if TM n print header on first page
.P - y,y paragraph with first line indented
.PT - % - n page title, printed at head of page
.PX x - y print index (table of contents); x=no
suppresses title
.QP - y,y quote paragraph (indented and shorter)
.R on n return to Roman font
.RE 5n y,y retreat: end level of relative indenta-
tion
.RP x - n released paper format; x=no stops title
on first page
.RS 5n y,y right shift: start level of relative
indentation
.SH - y,y section header, in boldface
.SM - n smaller; decrease point size by 2
.TA 8n,5n n set TAB characters to 8n 16n ... (nroff)
or 5n 10n ... (troff)
.TC x - y print table of contents at end; x=no
suppresses title
.TE - y end of table processed by tbl
.TH - y end multi-page header of table
.TL - y title in boldface and two points larger
.TM off n UC Berkeley thesis mode
.TS x - y,y begin table; if x=H table has multi-page
header
.UL x - n underline x, even in troff
.UX x - n UNIX; trademark message first time; x
appended
.XA x y - y another index entry; x=page or no for
none; y=indent
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Standards, Environments, and Macros ms(5)
.XE - y end index entry (or series of .IX
entries)
.XP - y,y paragraph with first line indented, oth-
ers indented
.XS x y - y begin index entry; x=page or no for
none; y=indent
.1C on y,y one column format, on a new page
.2C - y,y begin two column format
.]- - n beginning of refer reference
.[0 - n end of unclassifiable type of reference
.[N - n N= 1:journal-article, 2:book, 3:book-
article, 4:report
REGISTERS
Formatting distances can be controlled in -ms by means of
built-in number registers. For example, this sets the line
length to 6.5 inches:
.nr L 6.5i
Here is a table of number registers and their default
values:
Name Register Controls Takes Effect Default
PS point size paragraph 10
VS vertical spacing paragraph 12
L line length paragraph 6i
LT title length next page same as L
FL footnote length next .FS 5.5i
PD paragraph distance paragraph 1v (if n), .3v (if t)
D display distance displays 1v (if n), .5v (if t)
PI paragraph indent paragraph 5n
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Standards, Environments, and Macros ms(5)
QI quote indent next .QP 5n
FI footnote indent next .FS 2n
PO page offset next page 0 (if n), ~1i (if t)
HM header margin next page 1i
FM footer margin next page 1i
F footnote format next .FS 0 (1, 2, 3 available)
When resetting these values, make sure to specify the
appropriate units. Setting the line length to 7, for exam-
ple, will result in output with one character per line. Set-
ting Fto 1 suppresses footnote superscripting; setting it
to 2 also suppresses indentation of the first line; and set-
ting it to 3 produces an .IP-like footnote paragraph.
Here is a list of string registers available in -ms; they
may be used anywhere in the text:
Name String's Function
\*Q quote (" in nroff, " in troff )
\*U unquote (" in nroff, " in troff)
\*- dash (-- in nroff, - in troff )
\*(MO month (month of the year)
\*(DY day (current date)
\** automatically numbered footnote
\*' acute accent (before letter)
\*` grave accent (before letter)
\*^ circumflex (before letter)
\*, cedilla (before letter)
\*: umlaut (before letter)
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Standards, Environments, and Macros ms(5)
\*~ tilde (before letter)
When using theextended accent mark definitions available
with .AM, these strings should come after, rather than
before, the letter to be accented.
FILES
/usr/share/lib/tmac/s
/usr/share/lib/tmac/ms.???
SEE ALSO
col(1), eqn(1), nroff(1), refer(1), tbl(1), troff(1)
BUGS
Floating keepsand regular keeps are diverted to the same
space, so they cannot be mixed together with predictable
results.
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