rrdtool RDGRAPHEXAMPLES(1)
NAME
rrdgraphexamples - Examples for rrdtool graph
SYNOPSIS
rrdtool graph /home/httpd/html/test.png --img-format PNG
followed by any of the examples below
DESCRIPTION
For your convenience some of the commands are explained here
by using detailed examples. They are not always cut-and-
paste ready because comments are intermixed with the
examples.
EXAMPLES
Data with multiple resolutions
--end now --start end-120000s --width 400
DEF:ds0a=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE
DEF:ds0b=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE:step=1800
DEF:ds0c=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE:step=7200
LINE1:ds0a#0000F:"default resolution\l"
LINE1:ds0b#00CF:"resolution 1800 seconds per interval\l"
LINE1:ds0c#F00F:"resolution 7200 seconds per interval\l"
Nicely formatted legend section
DEF:ds0=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE
DEF:ds1=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds1:AVERAGE
VDEF:ds0max=ds0,MAXIMUM
VDEF:ds0avg=ds0,AVERAGE
VDEF:ds0min=ds0,MINIMUM
VDEF:ds0pct=ds0,95,PERCENT
VDEF:ds1max=ds1,MAXIMUM
VDEF:ds1avg=ds1,AVERAGE
VDEF:ds1min=ds1,MINIMUM
VDEF:ds1pct=ds1,95,PERCENT
Note: consolidation occurs here.
CDEF:ds0bits=ds0,8,*
CDEF:ds1bits=ds1,8,*
Note: 10 spaces to move text to the right
COMENT:" "
Note: the column titles have to be as wide as the columns
COMENT:"Maximum "
COMENT:"Average "
COMENT:"Minimum "
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rrdtool RDGRAPHEXAMPLES(1)
COMENT:"95th percentile\l"
AREA:ds0bits#00C000:"Inbound "
GPRINT:ds0max:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
GPRINT:ds0avg:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
GPRINT:ds0min:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
GPRINT:ds0pct:"%6.2lf %Sbps\l"
LINE1:ds1bits#0000F:"Outbound"
GPRINT:ds1max:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
GPRINT:ds1avg:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
GPRINT:ds1min:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
GPRINT:ds1pct:"%6.2lf %Sbps\l"
Offsetting a line on the y-axis
Depending on your needs you can do this in two ways:
]o Offset the data, then graph this
DEF:mydata=my.rrd:ds:AVERAGE
Note: this will also influence any other command that
uses "data"
CDEF:data=mydata,100,]
LINE1:data#F0000:"Data with offset"
]o Graph the original data, with an offset
DEF:mydata=my.rrd:ds:AVERAGE
Note: no color in the first line so it is not visible
LINE1:100
Note: the second line gets stacked on top of the first
one
LINE1:data#F0000:"Data with offset":STACK
Drawing dashed lines
Also works for HRULE and VRULE
]o default style: - - - - -
LINE1:data#F0000:"dashed line":dashes
]o more fancy style with offset: - - --- - --- -
LINE1:data#F0000:"another dashed
line":dashes=15,5,5,10:dash-offset=10
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rrdtool RDGRAPHEXAMPLES(1)
Time ranges
Last four weeks: --start end-4w --end 00:00
January 2001: --start 20010101 --end start]31d
January 2001: --start 20010101 --end 20010201
Last hour: --start end-1h
Last 24 hours:
Yesterday: --end 00:00
Viewing the current and previous week together
--end now --start end-1w
DEF:thisweek=router.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE
DEF:lastweek=router.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE:end=now-1w:start=end-1w
Shift the data forward by one week (604800 seconds)
SHIFT:lastweek:604800
[ more of the usual VDEF and CDEF stuff if you like ]
AREA:lastweek#0000F:Last\ week
LINE1:thisweek#F0000:This\ week
Aberrant Behaviour Detection
If the specialized function RAs exist for aberrant behavior
detection, they can be used to generate the graph of a time
series with confidence bands and failures.
rrdtool graph example.png \
DEF:obs=monitor.rrd:ifOutOctets:AVERAGE \
DEF:pred=monitor.rrd:ifOutOctets:HWPREDICT \
DEF:dev=monitor.rrd:ifOutOctets:DEVPREDICT \
DEF:fail=monitor.rrd:ifOutOctets:FAILURES \
TICK:fail#ffffa0:1.0:"Failures\: Average bits out" \
CDEF:scaledobs=obs,8,* \
CDEF:upper=pred,dev,2,*,] \
CDEF:lower=pred,dev,2,*,- \
CDEF:scaledupper=upper,8,* \
CDEF:scaledlower=lower,8,* \
LINE2:scaledobs#0000ff:"Average bits out" \
LINE1:scaledupper#ff0000:"Upper Confidence Bound: Average bits out" \
LINE1:scaledlower#ff0000:"Lower Confidence Bound: Average bits out"
This example generates a graph of the data series in blue
(LINE2 with the scaledobs virtual data source), confidence
bounds in red (scaledupper and scaledlower virtual data
sources), and potential failures (i.e. potential aberrant
aberrant behavior) marked by vertical yellow lines (the fail
data source).
The raw data comes from an AVERAGE RA, the finest
resolution of the observed time series (one consolidated
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data point per primary data point). The predicted (or
smoothed) values are stored in the HWPREDICT RA. The
predicted deviations (think standard deviation) values are
stored in the DEVPREDICT RA. Finally, the FAILURES RA
contains indicators, with 1 denoting a potential failure.
All of the data is rescaled to bits (instead of Octets) by
multiplying by 8. The confidence bounds are computed by an
offset of 2 deviations both above and below the predicted
values (the CDEFs upper and lower). Vertical lines indicated
potential failures are graphed via the TICK graph element,
which converts non-zero values in an RA into tick marks.
Here an axis-fraction argument of 1.0 means the tick marks
span the entire y-axis, and hence become vertical lines on
the graph.
The choice of 2 deviations (a scaling factor) matches the
default used internally by the FAILURES RA. If the internal
value is changed (see rrdtune), this graphing command should
be changed to be consistent.
A note on data reduction:
The rrdtool graph command is designed to plot data at a
specified temporal resolution, regardless of the actually
resolution of the data in the RD file. This can present a
problem for the specialized consolidation functions which
maintain a one-to-one mapping between primary data points
and consolidated data points. If a graph insists on viewing
the contents of these RAs on a coarser temporal scale, the
graph command tries to do something intelligent, but the
confidence bands and failures no longer have the same
meaning and may be misleading.
SEE ALSO
rrdgraph gives an overview of how rrdtool graph works.
rrdgraphdata describes DEF,CDEF and VDEF in detail.
rrdgraphrpn describes the RPN language used in the xDEF
statements. rrdgraphgraph page describes all the graph and
print functions.
Make sure to read rrdgraphexamples for tips&tricks.
AUTHOR
Program by Tobias Oetiker
This manual page by Alex van den Bogaerdt
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