Standards, Environments, and Macros standards(5)
NAME
standards, ANSI, C, C], ISO, POSIX, POSIX.1, POSIX.2, SUS,
SUSv2, SUSv3, SVID, SVID3, XNS, XNS4, XNS5, XPG, XPG3, XPG4,
XPG4v2 - standards and specifications supported by Solaris
DESCRIPTION
Solaris 10 supports IE Std 1003.1 and IE Std 1003.2,
commonly known as POSIX.1 and POSIX.2, respectively. The
following table lists each version of these standards with a
brief description and the SunOS or Solaris release that
first conformed to it.
POSIX Standard Description Release
POSIX.1-1988 system interfaces and headers SunOS 4.1
POSIX.1-1990 POSIX.1-1988 update Solaris 2.0
POSIX.1b-1993 realtime extensions Solaris 2.4
POSIX.1c-1996 threads extensions Solaris 2.6
POSIX.2-1992 shell and utilities Solaris 2.5
POSIX.2a-1992 interactive shell and utilities Solaris 2.5
POSIX.1-2001 POSIX.1-1990, POSIX.1b-1993, Solaris 10
POSIX.1c-1996, POSIX.2-1992, and
POSIX.2a-1992 updates
Solaris 10 also supports the X/Open Common Applications
Environment (CAE) Portability Guide Issue 3 (XPG3) and Issue
4 (XPG4); Single UNIX Specification (SUS, also known as
XPG4v2); Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 (SUSv2); and
Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 (SUSv3). Both XPG4 and
SUS include Networking Services Issue 4 (XNS4). SUSv2
includes Networking Services Issue 5 (XNS5).
The following table lists each X/Open specification with a
brief description and the SunOS or Solaris release that
first conformed to it.
X/Open CAE
Specification Description Release
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Standards, Environments, and Macros standards(5)
XPG3 superset of POSIX.1-1988 contain- SunOS 4.1
ing utilities from SVID3
XPG4 superset of POSIX.1-1990, Solaris 2.4
POSIX.2-1992, and POSIX.2a-1992
containing extensions to POSIX
standards from XPG3
SUS (XPG4v2) superset of XPG4 containing his- Solaris 2.6
torical BSD interfaces widely
used by common application pack-
ages
XNS4 sockets and XTI interfaces Solaris 2.6
SUSv2 superset of SUS extended to sup- Solaris 7
port POSIX.1b-1993, POSIX.1c-
1996, and ISO/IEC 9899 (C Stan-
dard) Amendment 1
XNS5 superset and LP64-clean deriva- Solaris 7
tive of XNS4.
SUSv3 same as POSIX.1-2001 Solaris 10
The XNS4 specification is safe for use only in ILP32 (32-
bit) environments and should not be used for LP64 (64-bit)
application environments. Use XNS5 or SUSv3, which have
LP64-clean interfaces that are portable across ILP32 and
LP64 environments. Solaris releases 7 through 10 support
both the ILP32 and LP64 environments.
Solaris releases 7 through 10 have been branded to conform
to The Open Group's UNIX 98 Product Standard. Solaris 10 has
been branded to conform to The Open Group's UNIX 03 Product
Standard.
Solaris releases 2.0 through 10 support the interfaces
specified by the System V Interface Definition, Third Edi-
tion, Volumes 1 through 4 (SVID3). Note, however, that
since the developers of this specification (UNIX Systems
Laboratories) are no longer in business and since this
specification defers to POSIX and X/Open CAE specifications,
there is some disagreement about what is currently required
for conformance to this specification.
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Standards, Environments, and Macros standards(5)
When Sun Studio C Compiler 5.6 is installed, Solaris
releases 2.0 through 10 support the ANSI X3.159-1989 Pro-
gramming Language - C and ISO/IEC 9899:1990 Programming
Language - C (C) interfaces.
When Sun Studio C Compiler 5.6 is installed, Solaris
releases 7 through 10 support ISO/IEC 9899:1990 Amendment
1:1995: C Integrity.
When Sun Studio C Compiler 5.6 is installed, Solaris 10 sup-
ports ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Programming Languages - C.
When Sun Studio C] Compiler 5.6 is installed, Solaris
releases 2.5.1 through 10 support ISO/IEC 14882:1998 Pro-
gramming Languages - C]. Unsupported features of that
standard are described in the compiler README file.
Utilities
If the behavior required by POSIX.2, POSIX.2a, XPG4, SUS, or
SUSv2 conflicts with historical Solaris utility behavior,
the original Solaris version of the utility is unchanged; a
new version that is standard-conforming has been provided in
/usr/xpg4/bin. If the behavior required by POSIX.1-2001 or
SUSv3 conflicts with historical Solaris utility behavior, a
new version that is standard-conforming has been provided in
/usr/xpg4/bin or in /usr/xpg6/bin. If the behavior required
by POSIX.1-2001 or SUSv3 conflicts with POSIX.2, POSIX.2a,
SUS, or SUSv2, a new version that is SUSv3 standard-
conforming has been provided in /usr/xpg6/bin.
An application that wants to use standard-conforming utili-
tues must set the PATH (sh(1) or ksh(1)) or path (csh(1))
environment variable to specify the directories listed below
in the order specified to get the appropriate utilities:
SVID3, XPG3
1. /usr/ccs/bin
2. /usr/bin
3. directory containing binaries for your compiler
4. other directories containing binaries needed by
the application
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Standards, Environments, and Macros standards(5)
POSIX.2, POSIX.2a, SUS, SUSv2, XPG4
1. /usr/xpg4/bin
2. /usr/ccs/bin
3. /usr/bin
4. directory containing binaries for your compiler
5. other directories containing binaries needed by
the application
POSIX.1-2001, SUSv3
1. /usr/xpg6/bin
2. /usr/xpg4/bin
3. /usr/ccs/bin
4. /usr/bin
5. directory containing binaries for your compiler
6. other directories containing binaries needed by
the application
When an application uses execlp() or execvp() (see exec(2))
to execute a shell file, or uses system(3C), the shell used
to interpret the shell file depends on the standard to which
the caller conforms:
Standard Shell Used
1989 ANSI C, 1990 ISO C, 1999 ISO C, /usr/xpg4/bin/sh
POSIX.1 (1990-2001), SUS, SUSv2, SUSv3,
XPG4
POSIX.1 (1988), SVID3, XPG3, no standard /usr/bin/sh
specified
Feature Test Macros
Feature test macros are used by applications to indicate
additional sets of features that are desired beyond those
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Standards, Environments, and Macros standards(5)
specified by the C standard. If an application uses only
those interfaces and headers defined by a particular stan-
dard (such as POSIX or X/Open CAE), then it need only
define the appropriate feature test macro specified by that
standard. If the application is using interfaces and headers
not defined by that standard, then in addition to defining
the appropriate standard feature test macro, it must also
define EXTENSIONS. Defining EXTENSIONS provides the
application with access to all interfaces and headers not in
conflict with the specified standard. The application must
define EXTENSIONS either on the compile command line or
within the application source files.
1989 ANSI C, 1990 ISO C, 1999 ISO C
No feature test macros need to be defined to indicate that
an application is a conforming C application.
ANSI/ISO C]
ANSI/ISO C] does not define any feature test macros. If the
standard C] announcement macro cplusplus is predefined to
value 199711 or greater, the compiler operates in a
standard-conforming mode, indicating C] standards confor-
mance. The value 199711 indicates conformance to ISO/IEC
14882:1998, as required by that standard. (As noted above,
conformance to the standard is incomplete.) A standard-
conforming mode is not available with compilers prior to Sun
WorkShop C] 5.0.
C] bindings are not defined for POSIX or X/Open CAE, so
specifying feature test macros such as POSIXSOURCE,
POSIXCSOURCE, and XOPENSOURCE can result in compilation
errors due to conflicting requirements of standard C] and
those specifications.
POSIX
Applications that are intended to be conforming POSIX.1
applications must define the feature test macros specified
by the standard before including any headers. For the stan-
dards listed below, applications must define the feature
test macros listed. Application writers must check the
corresponding standards for other macros that can be queried
to determine if desired options are supported by the imple-
mentation.
POSIX Standard Feature Test Macros
POSIX.1-1990 POSIXSOURCE
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Standards, Environments, and Macros standards(5)
POSIX.1-1990 and POSIX.2- POSIXSOURCE and POSIXCSOURCE=2
1992 C-Language Bindings
Option
POSIX.1b-1993 POSIXCSOURCE=199309L
POSIX.1c-1996 POSIXCSOURCE=199506L
POSIX.1-2001 POSIXCSOURCE=200112L
SVID3
The SVID3 specification does not specify any feature test
macros to indicate that an application is written to meet
SVID3 requirements. The SVID3 specification was written
before the C standard was completed.
X/Open CAE
To build or compile an application that conforms to one of
the X/Open CAE specifications, use the following guidelines.
Applications need not set the POSIX feature test macros if
they require both CAE and POSIX functionality.
XPG3 The application must define XOPENSOURCE.
If XOPENSOURCE is defined with a value,
the value must be less than 500.
XPG4 The application must define XOPENSOURCE
and set XOPENVERSION=4. If XOPENSOURCE
is defined with a value, the value must be
less than 500.
SUS (XPG4v2) The application must define XOPENSOURCE
and set XOPENSOURCEXTENDED=1. If
XOPENSOURCE is defined with a value, the
value must be less than 500.
SUSv2 The application must define
XOPENSOURCE=500.
SUSv3 The application must define
XOPENSOURCE=600.
Compilation
A POSIX.1 (1988-1996)-, XPG4-, SUS-, or SUSv2-conforming
implementation must include an ANSI X3.159-1989 (ANSI C
Language) standard-conforming compilation system and the cc
and c89 utilities. A POSIX.1-2001- or SUSv3-conforming
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Standards, Environments, and Macros standards(5)
implementation must include an ISO/IEC 99899:1999 (1999 ISO
C Language) standard-conforming compilation system and the
c99 utility. Solaris 10 was tested with the cc, c89, and c99
utilities and the compilation environment provided by Sun
Studio C Compiler 5.6.
When cc is used to link applications, /usr/lib/values-xpg4.o
must be specified on any link/load command line, unless the
application is POSIX.1-2001- or SUSv3-conforming, in which
case /usr/lib/values-xpg6.o must be specified on any
link/load compile line. The preferred way to build applica-
tions, however, is described in the table below.
An XNS4- or XNS5-conforming application must include -l XNS
on any link/load command line in addition to defining the
feature test macros specified for SUS or SUSv2, respec-
tively.
If the compiler suppports the redefineextname pragma
feature (the Sun Studio C Compiler 5.6 compilers define the
macro PRAGMAREDEFINEXTNAME to indicate that it supports
this feature), then the standard headers use #pragma
redefineextname directives to properly map function names
onto library entry point names. This mapping provides full
support for ISO C, POSIX, and X/Open namespace reservations.
If this pragma feature is not supported by the compiler, the
headers use the #define directive to map internal function
names onto appropriate library entry point names. In this
instance, applications should avoid using the explicit 64-
bit file offset symbols listed on the lf64(5) manual page,
since these names are used by the implementation to name the
alternative entry points.
When using Sun Studio C Compiler 5.6 compilers, applications
conforming to the specifications listed above should be com-
piled using the utilities and flags indicated in the follow-
ing table:
Specification Compiler/Flags Feature Test Macros
1989 ANSI C and 1990 ISO C c89 none
1999 ISO C c99 none
SVID3 cc -Xt -xc99=none none
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Standards, Environments, and Macros standards(5)
POSIX.1-1990 c89 POSIXSOURCE
POSIX.1-1990 and POSIX.2-1992 c89 POSIXSOURCE and
C-Language Bindings Option POSIXCSOURCE=2
POSIX.1b-1993 c89 POSIXCSOURCE=199309L
POSIX.1c-1996 c89 POSIXCSOURCE=199506L
POSIX.1-2001 c99 POSIXCSOURCE=200112L
POSIX.1c-1996 c89 POSIXCSOURCE=199506L
CAE XPG3 cc -Xa -xc99=none XOPENSOURCE
CAE XPG4 c89 XOPENSOURCE and
XOPENVERSION=4
SUS (CAE XPG4v2) c89 XOPENSOURCE and
(includes XNS4) XOPENSOURCEXTENDED=1
SUSv2 (includes XNS5) c89 XOPENSOURCE=500
SUSv3 c99 XOPENSOURCE=600
For platforms supporting the LP64 (64-bit) programming
environment, SUSv2-conforming LP64 applications using XNS5
library calls should be built with command lines of the
form:
c89 $(getconf XBS5LP64OF64CFLAGS) -DXOPENSOURCE=500 \
$(getconf XBS5LP64OF64LDFLAGS) foo.c -o foo \
$(getconf XBS5LP64OF64LIBS) -lxnet
Similar SUSv3-conforming LP64 applications should be built
with command lines of the form:
c99 $(getconf POSIXV6LP64OF64CFLAGS) -DXOPENSOURCE=600 \
$(getconf POSIXV6LP64OF64LDFLAGS) foo.c -o foo \
$(getconf POSIXV6LP64OF64LIBS) -lxnet
SUSv3
c99 XOPENSOURCE=600
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Standards, Environments, and Macros standards(5)
SEE ALSO
csh(1), ksh(1), sh(1), exec(2), sysconf(3C), system(3C),
environ(5), lf64(5)
SunOS 5.11 Last change: 14 Jan 2004 9
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