System Administration Commands tapes(1M)
NAME
tapes - creates /dev entries for tape drives attached to the
system
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/tapes [-r rootdir]
DESCRIPTION
devfsadm(1M) is now the preferred command for /dev and /dev-
ices and should be used instead of tapes.
tapes creates symbolic links in the /dev/rmt directory to
the actual tape device special files under the /devices
directory tree. tapes searches the kernel device tree to see
what tape devices are attached to the system. For each
equipped tape drive, the following steps are performed:
1. The /dev/rmt directory is searched for a /dev/rmt/n
entry that is a symbolic link to the /devices spe-
cial node of the current tape drive. If one is
found, this determines the logical controller
number of the tape drive.
2. The rest of the special devices associated with the
drive are checked, and incorrect symbolic links are
removed and necessary ones added.
3. If none are found, a new logical controller number
is assigned (the lowest-unused number), and new
symbolic links are created for all the special dev-
ices associated with the drive.
tapes does not remove links to non-existent devices; these
must be removed by hand.
tapes is run each time a reconfiguration-boot is performed,
or when adddrv(1M) is executed.
Notice to Driver Writers
tapes(1M) considers all devices with the node type
DINTAPE to be tape devices; these devices must have
their minor name created with a specific format. The minor
name encodes operational modes for the tape device and con-
sists of an ASCI string of the form [ l,m,h,c,u ][ b ][ n
].
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System Administration Commands tapes(1M)
The first character set is used to specify the tape density
of the device, and are named low (l), medium (m), high (h),
compressed (c), and ultra (u). These specifiers only express
a relative density; it is up to the driver to assign
specific meanings as needed. For example, 9 track tape dev-
ices interpret these as actual bits-per-inch densities,
where l means 800 BPI, m means 1600 BPI , and h means 6250
BPI, whereas 4mm DAT tapes defines l as standard format, and
m, h, c and u as compressed format. Drivers may choose to
implement any or all of these format types.
During normal tape operation (non-BSD behavior), once an EOF
mark has been reached, subsequent reads from the tape device
return an error. An explicit IOCTL must be issued to space
over the EOF mark before the next file can be read. b
instructs the device to observe BSD behavior, where reading
at EOF will cause the tape device to automatically space
over the EOF mark and begin reading from the next file.
n or no-rewind-on-close instructs the driver to not rewind
to the beginning of tape when the device is closed. Normal
behavior for tape devices is to reposition to BOT when clos-
ing. See mtio(7I).
The minor number for tape devices should be created by
encoding the device's instance number using the tape macro
MTMINOR and ORing in the proper combination of density, BSD
behavior, and no-rewind flags. See mtio(7I).
To prevent tapes from attempting to automatically generate
links for a device, drivers must specify a private node type
and refrain from using the node type string DINTAPE when
callingddicreateminornode(9F).
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-r rootdir Causes tapes to presume that the /dev/rmt
directory tree is found under rootdir, not
directly under /.
ERORS
If tapes finds entries of a particular logical controller
linked to different physical controllers, it prints an error
message and exits without making any changes to the /dev
directory, since it cannot determine which of the two alter-
native logical to physical mappings is correct. The links
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System Administration Commands tapes(1M)
should be manually corrected or removed before another
reconfiguration boot is performed.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Creating Tape Device Nodes From Within the
Driver's attach() Function
This example demonstrates creating tape device nodes from
within the xktape driver's attach(9E) function.
#include
struct tapeminorinfo {
char *minorname;
int minormode;
};
/*
* create all combinations of logical tapes
*/
static struct tapeminorinfo exampletape[] = {
{"", 0}, /* default tape */
{"l", MTDENSITY1},
{"lb", MTDENSITY1 MTBSD},
{"lbn", MTDENSITY1 MTBSD MTNOREWIND},
{"m", MTDENSITY2},
{"mb", MTDENSITY2 MTBSD},
{"mbn", MTDENSITY2 MTBSD MTNOREWIND},
{"h", MTDENSITY3},
{"hb", MTDENSITY3 MTBSD},
{"hbn", MTDENSITY3 MTBSD MTNOREWIND},
{"c", MTDENSITY4},
{"cb", MTDENSITY4 MTBSD},
{"cbn", MTDENSITY4 MTBSD MTNOREWIND},
{NUL, 0},
};
int
xktapeattach(devinfot *dip, ddiattachcmdt cmd)
{
int instance;
struct tapeminorinfo *mdp;
/* other stuff in attach... */
instance = ddigetinstance(dip);
for (mdp = exampletape; mdp->minorname != NUL; mdp]) {
ddicreateminornode(dip, mdp->minorname, SIFCHR,
(MTMINOR(instance) mdp->minormode), DINTAPE, 0);
}
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System Administration Commands tapes(1M)
Installing the xktape driver on a Sun Fire 4800, with the
driver controlling a SCSI tape (target 4 attached to an
isp(7D) SCSI HBA) and performing a reconfiguration-boot
creates the following special files in /devices.
# ls -l /devices/ssm@0,0/pci@18,700000/pci@1/SUNW,isptwo@4
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,136 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,200 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:b
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,204 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:bn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,152 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:c
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,216 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:cb
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,220 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:cbn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,156 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:cn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,144 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:h
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,208 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:hb
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,212 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:hbn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,148 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:hn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,128 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:l
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,192 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:lb
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,196 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:lbn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,132 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:ln
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,136 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:m
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,200 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:mb
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,204 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:mbn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,140 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:mn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,140 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:n
/dev/rmt will contain the logical tape devices (symbolic
links to tape devices in /devices).
# ls -l /dev/rmt
/dev/rmt/0 -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:
/dev/rmt/0b -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:b
/dev/rmt/0bn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:bn
/dev/rmt/0c -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:c
/dev/rmt/0cb -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:cb
/dev/rmt/0cbn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:cbn
/dev/rmt/0cn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:cn
/dev/rmt/0h -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:h
/dev/rmt/0hb -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:hb
/dev/rmt/0hbn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:hbn
/dev/rmt/0hn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:hn
/dev/rmt/0l -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:l
/dev/rmt/0lb -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:lb
/dev/rmt/0lbn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:lbn
/dev/rmt/0ln -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:ln
/dev/rmt/0m -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:m
/dev/rmt/0mb -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:mb
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System Administration Commands tapes(1M)
/dev/rmt/0mbn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:mbn
/dev/rmt/0mn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:mn
/dev/rmt/0n -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:n
FILES
/dev/rmt/* logical tape devices
/devices/* tape device nodes
ATRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
ATRIBUTE TYPE ATRIBUTE VALUE
Availability SUNWcsu
SEE ALSO
adddrv(1M), devfsadm(1M), attributes(5), isp(7D),
devfs(7FS), mtio(7I), attach(9E), ddicreateminornode(9F)
BUGS
tapes silently ignores malformed minor device names.
SunOS 5.11 Last change: 8 Nov 2002 5
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