System Administration Commands trapstat(1M)
NAME
trapstat - report trap statistics
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/trapstat [-t -T -e entry]
[-C processorsetid -c cpulist] [-P] [-a]
[-r rate] [ [interval [count] command [args]
/usr/sbin/trapstat -l
DESCRIPTION
The trapstat utility gathers and displays run-time trap
statistics on UltraSPARC-based systems. The default output
is a table of trap types and CPU IDs, with each row of the
table denoting a trap type and each column of the table
denoting a CPU. If standard output is a terminal, the table
contains as many columns of data as can fit within the ter-
minal width; if standard output is not a terminal, the table
contains at most six columns of data. By default, data is
gathered and and displayed for all CPUs; if the data cannot
fit in a single table, it is printed across multiple tables.
The set of CPUs for which data is gathered and displayed can
be optionally specified with the -c or -C option.
Unless the -r option or the -a option is specified, the
value displayed in each entry of the table corresponds to
the number of traps per second. If the -r option is speci-
fied, the value corresponds to the number of traps over the
interval implied by the specified sampling rate; if the -a
option is specified, the value corresponds to the accumu-
lated number of traps since the invocation of trapstat.
By default, trapstat displays data once per second, and runs
indefinitely; both of these behaviors can be optionally con-
trolled with the interval and count parameters, respec-
tively. The interval is specified in seconds; the count
indicates the number of intervals to be executed before
exiting. Alternatively, command can be specified, in which
case trapstat executes the provided command and continues to
run until the command exits. A positive integer is assumed
to be an interval; if the desired command cannot be dis-
tinguished from an integer, the full path of command must be
specified.
UltraSPARC I (obsolete), I, and I handle translation loo-
kaside buffer (TLB) misses by trapping to the operating sys-
tem. TLB miss traps can be a significant component of
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System Administration Commands trapstat(1M)
overall system performance for some workloads; the -t option
provides in-depth information on these traps. When run with
this option, trapstat displays both the rate of TLB miss
traps and the percentage of time spent processing those
traps. Additionally, TLB misses that hit in the translation
storage buffer (TSB) are differentiated from TLB misses that
further miss in the TSB. (The TSB is a software structure
used as a translation entry cache to allow the TLB to be
quickly filled; it is discussed in detail in the UltraSPARC
I User's Manual.) The TLB and TSB miss information is
further broken down into user- and kernel-mode misses.
Workloads with working sets that exceed the TLB reach may
spend a significant amount of time missing in the TLB. To
accommodate such workloads, the operating system supports
multiple page sizes: larger page sizes increase the effec-
tive TLB reach and thereby reduce the number of TLB misses.
To provide insight into the relationship between page size
and TLB miss rate, trapstat optionally provides in-depth TLB
miss information broken down by page size using the -T
option. The information provided by the -T option is a
superset of that provided by the -t option; only one of -t
and -T can be specified.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-a Displays the number of traps as
accumulating, monotonically increas-
ing values instead of per-second or
per-interval rates.
-c cpulist Enables trapstat only on the CPUs
specified by cpulist.
cpulist can be a single processor ID
(for example, 4), a range of proces-
sor IDs (for example, 4-6), or a
comma separated list of processor
IDs or processor ID ranges (for
example, 4,5,6 or 4,6-8).
-C processorsetid Enables trapstat only on the CPUs in
the processor set specified by
processorsetid.
trapstat modifies its output to
always reflect the CPUs in the
specified processor set. If a CPU is
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System Administration Commands trapstat(1M)
added to the set, trapstat modifies
its output to include the added CPU;
if a CPU is removed from the set,
trapstat modifies its output to
exclude the removed CPU. At most one
processor set can be specified.
-e entrylist Enables trapstat only for the trap
table entry or entries specified by
entrylist. A trap table entry can be
specified by trap number or by trap
name (for example, the level-10 trap
can be specified as 74, 0x4A, 0x4a,
or level-10).
entrylist can be a single trap table
entry or a comma separated list of
trap table entries. If the specified
trap table entry is not valid,
trapstat prints a table of all valid
trap table entries and values. A
list of valid trap table entries is
also found in The SPARC Architecture
Manual, Version 9 and the Sun
Microelectronics UltraSPARC I
User's Manual. If the parsable
option (-P) is specified in addition
to the -e option, the format of the
data is as follows:
Field Contents
1 Timestamp (nanoseconds since start)
2 CPU ID
3 Trap number (in hexadecimal)
4 Trap name
5 Trap rate per interval
Each field is separated with whi-
tespace. If the format is modified,
it will be modified by adding poten-
tially new fields beginning with
field 6; exant fields will remain
unchanged.
-l Lists trap table entries. By
default, a table is displayed con-
taining all valid trap numbers,
their names and a brief description.
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The trap name is used in both the
default output and in the entrylist
parameter for the -e argument. If
the parsable option (-P) is speci-
fied in addition to the -l option,
the format of the data is as fol-
lows:
Field Contents
1 Trap number in hexadecimal
2 Trap number in decimal
3 Trap name
Remaining Trap description
-P Generates parsable output. When run
without other data gathering modify-
ing options (that is, -e, -t or -T),
trapstat's the parsable output has
the following format:
Field Contents
1 Timestamp (nanoseconds since start)
2 CPU ID
3 Trap number (in hexadecimal)
4 Trap name
5 Trap rate per interval
Each field is separated with whi-
tespace. If the format is modified,
it will be modified by adding poten-
tially new fields beginning with
field 6; extant fields will remain
unchanged.
-r rate Explicitly sets the sampling rate to
be rate samples per second. If this
option is specified, trapstat's out-
put changes from a traps-per-second
to traps-per-sampling-interval.
-t Enables TLB statistics.
A table is displayed with four prin-
cipal columns of data: itlb-miss,
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System Administration Commands trapstat(1M)
itsb-miss, dtlb-miss, and dtsb-miss.
The columns contain both the rate of
the corresponding event and the per-
centage of CPU time spent processing
the event. The percentage of CPU
time is given only in terms of a
single CPU. The rows of the table
correspond to CPUs, with each CPU
consuming two rows: one row for
user-mode events (denoted with u)
and one row for kernel-mode events
(denoted with k). For each row, the
percentage of CPU time is totalled
and displayed in the rightmost
column. The CPUs are delineated with
a solid line. If the parsable option
(-P) is specified in addition to the
-t option, the format of the data is
as follows:
Field Contents
1 Timestamp (nanoseconds since start)
2 CPU ID
3 Mode (k denotes kernel, u denotes user)
4 I-TLB misses
5 Percentage of time in I-TLB miss handler
6 I-TSB misses
7 Percentage of time in I-TSB miss handler
8 D-TLB misses
9 Percentage of time in D-TLB miss handler
10 D-TSB misses
11 Percentage of time in D-TSB miss handler
Each field is separated with whi-
tespace. If the format is modified,
it will be modified by adding poten-
tially new fields beginning with
field 12; extant fields will remain
unchanged.
-T Enables TLB statistics, with page
size information. As with the -t
option, a table is displayed with
four principal columns of data:
itlb-miss, itsb-miss, dtlb-miss, and
dtsb-miss. The columns contain both
the absolute number of the
corresponding event, and the percen-
tage of CPU time spent processing
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System Administration Commands trapstat(1M)
the event. The percentage of CPU
time is given only in terms of a
single CPU. The rows of the table
correspond to CPUs, with each CPU
consuming two sets of rows: one set
for user-level events (denoted with
u) and one set for kernel-level
events (denoted with k). Each set,
in turn, contains as many rows as
there are page sizes supported (see
getpagesizes(3C)). For each row, the
percentage of CPU time is totalled
and displayed in the right-most
column. The two sets are delineated
with a dashed line; CPUs are del-
ineated with a solid line. If the
parsable option (-P) is specified in
addition to the -T option, the for-
mat of the data is as follows:
Field Contents
1 Timestamp (nanoseconds since start)
2 CPU ID
3 Mode k denotes kernel, u denotes user)
4 Page size, in decimal
5 I-TLB misses
6 Percentage of time in I-TLB miss handler
7 I-TSB misses
8 Percentage of time in I-TSB miss handler
9 D-TLB misses
10 Percentage of time in D-TLB miss handler
11 D-TSB misses
12 Percentage of time in D-TSB miss handler
Each field is separated with whi-
tespace. If the format is modified,
it will be modified by adding poten-
tially new fields beginning with
field 13; extant fields will remain
unchanged.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Using trapstat Without Options
When run without options, trapstat displays a table of trap
types and CPUs. At most six columns can fit in the default
terminal width; if (as in this example) there are more than
six CPUs, multiple tables are displayed:
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example# trapstat
vct name cpu0 cpu1 cpu4 cpu5 cpu8 cpu9
------------------------]------------------------------------------------------
24 cleanwin 6446 4837 6368 2153 2623 1321
41 level-1 100 0 0 0 1 0
44 level-4 0 1 1 1 0 0
45 level-5 0 0 0 0 0 0
47 level-7 0 0 0 0 9 0
49 level-9 100 100 100 100 100 100
4a level-10 100 0 0 0 0 0
4d level-13 6 10 7 16 13 11
4e level-14 100 0 0 0 1 0
60 int-vec 2607 2740 2642 2922 2920 3033
64 itlb-miss 3129 2475 3167 1037 1200 569
68 dtlb-miss 121061 86162 109838 37386 45639 20269
6c dtlb-prot 997 847 1061 379 406 184
84 spill-user-32 2809 2133 2739 200806 332776 454504
88 spill-user-64 45819 207856 93487 228529 68373 77590
8c spill-user-32-cln 784 561 767 274 353 215
90 spill-user-64-cln 9 37 17 39 12 13
98 spill-kern-64 62913 50145 63869 21916 28431 11738
a4 spill-asuser-32 1327 947 1288 460 572 335
a8 spill-asuser-64 26 48 18 54 10 14
ac spill-asuser-32-cln 4580 3599 4555 1538 1978 857
b0 spill-asuser-64-cln 26 0 0 2 0 0
c4 fill-user-32 2862 2161 2798 191746 318115 435850
c8 fill-user-64 45813 197781 89179 217668 63905 74281
cc fill-user-32-cln 3802 2833 3733 10153 16419 19475
d0 fill-user-64-cln 329 10105 4873 10603 4235 3649
d8 fill-kern-64 62519 49943 63611 21824 28328 11693
108 syscall-32 2285 1634 2278 737 957 383
126 self-xcall 100 0 0 0 0 0
vct name cpu12 cpu13 cpu14 cpu15
------------------------]------------------------------------
24 cleanwin 5435 4232 6302 6104
41 level-1 0 0 0 0
44 level-4 2 0 0 1
45 level-5 0 0 0 0
47 level-7 0 0 0 0
49 level-9 100 100 100 100
4a level-10 0 0 0 0
4d level-13 15 11 22 11
4e level-14 0 0 0 0
60 int-vec 2813 2833 2738 2714
64 itlb-miss 2636 1925 3133 3029
68 dtlb-miss 90528 70639 107786 103425
6c dtlb-prot 819 675 988 954
84 spill-user-32 175768 39933 2811 2742
88 spill-user-64 0 241348 96907 118298
8c spill-user-32-cln 681 513 753 730
90 spill-user-64-cln 0 42 16 20
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98 spill-kern-64 52158 40914 62305 60141
a4 spill-asuser-32 1113 856 1251 1208
a8 spill-asuser-64 0 64 16 24
ac spill-asuser-32-cln 3816 2942 4515 4381
b0 spill-asuser-64-cln 0 0 0 0
c4 fill-user-32 170744 38444 2876 2784
c8 fill-user-64 0 230381 92941 111694
cc fill-user-32-cln 8550 3790 3612 3553
d0 fill-user-64-cln 0 10726 4495 5845
d8 fill-kern-64 51968 40760 62053 59922
108 syscall-32 1839 1495 2144 2083
126 self-xcall 0 0 0 0
Example 2 Using trapset with CPU Filtering
The -c option can be used to limit the CPUs on which
trapstat is enabled. This example limits CPU 1 and CPUs 12
through 15.
example# trapstat -c 1,12-15
vct name cpu1 cpu12 cpu13 cpu14 cpu15
------------------------]---------------------------------------------
24 cleanwin 6923 3072 2500 3518 2261
44 level-4 3 0 0 1 1
49 level-9 100 100 100 100 100
4d level-13 23 8 14 19 14
60 int-vec 2559 2699 2752 2688 2792
64 itlb-miss 3296 1548 1174 1698 1087
68 dtlb-miss 114788 54313 43040 58336 38057
6c dtlb-prot 1046 549 417 545 370
84 spill-user-32 66551 29480 301588 26522 213032
88 spill-user-64 0 318652 111239 299829 221716
8c spill-user-32-cln 856 347 331 416 293
90 spill-user-64-cln 0 55 21 59 39
98 spill-kern-64 66464 31803 24758 34004 22277
a4 spill-asuser-32 1423 569 560 698 483
a8 spill-asuser-64 0 74 32 98 46
ac spill-asuser-32-cln 4875 2250 1728 2384 1584
b0 spill-asuser-64-cln 0 2 0 1 0
c4 fill-user-32 64193 28418 287516 27055 202093
c8 fill-user-64 0 305016 106692 288542 210654
cc fill-user-32-cln 6733 3520 15185 2396 12035
d0 fill-user-64-cln 0 13226 3506 12933 11032
d8 fill-kern-64 66220 31680 24674 33892 22196
108 syscall-32 2446 967 817 1196 755
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System Administration Commands trapstat(1M)
Example 3 Using trapstat with TLB Statistics
The -t option displays in-depth TLB statistics, including
the amount of time spent performing TLB miss processing. The
following example shows that the machine is spending 14.1
percent of its time just handling D-TLB misses:
example# trapstat -t
cpu m itlb-miss %tim itsb-miss %tim dtlb-miss %tim dtsb-miss %tim %tim
-----]-------------------------------]-------------------------------]----
0 u 2571 0.3 0 0.0 10802 1.3 0 0.0 1.6
0 k 0 0.0 0 0.0 106420 13.4 184 0.1 13.6
-----]-------------------------------]-------------------------------]----
1 u 3069 0.3 0 0.0 10983 1.2 100 0.0 1.6
1 k 27 0.0 0 0.0 106974 12.6 19 0.0 12.7
-----]-------------------------------]-------------------------------]----
2 u 3033 0.3 0 0.0 11045 1.2 105 0.0 1.6
2 k 43 0.0 0 0.0 107842 12.7 108 0.0 12.8
-----]-------------------------------]-------------------------------]----
3 u 2924 0.3 0 0.0 10380 1.2 121 0.0 1.6
3 k 54 0.0 0 0.0 102682 12.2 16 0.0 12.2
-----]-------------------------------]-------------------------------]----
4 u 3064 0.3 0 0.0 10832 1.2 120 0.0 1.6
4 k 31 0.0 0 0.0 107977 13.0 236 0.1 13.1
=====]===============================]===============================]====
ttl 14816 0.3 0 0.0 585937 14.1 1009 0.0 14.5
Example 4 Using trapstat with TLB Statistics and Page Size
Information
By specifying the -T option, trapstat shows TLB misses bro-
ken down by page size. In this example, CPU 0 is spending
7.9 percent of its time handling user-mode TLB misses on 8K
pages, and another 2.3 percent of its time handling user-
mode TLB misses on 64K pages.
example# trapstat -T -c 0
cpu m size itlb-miss %tim itsb-miss %tim dtlb-miss %tim dtsb-miss %tim %tim
----------]-------------------------------]-------------------------------]----
0 u 8k 1300 0.1 15 0.0 104897 7.9 90 0.0 8.0
0 u 64k 0 0.0 0 0.0 29935 2.3 7 0.0 2.3
0 u 512k 0 0.0 0 0.0 3569 0.2 2 0.0 0.2
0 u 4m 0 0.0 0 0.0 233 0.0 2 0.0 0.0
- - - - - ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ] - -
0 k 8k 13 0.0 0 0.0 71733 6.5 110 0.0 6.5
0 k 64k 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0
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0 k 512k 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 206 0.1 0.1
0 k 4m 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0
==========]===============================]===============================]====
ttl 1313 0.1 15 0.0 210367 17.1 417 0.2 17.5
Example 5 Using trapstat with Entry Filtering
By specifying the -e option, trapstat displays statistics
for only specific trap types. Using this option minimizes
the probe effect when seeking specific data. This example
yields statistics for only the dtlb-prot and syscall-32
traps on CPUs 12 through 15:
example# trapstat -e dtlb-prot,syscall-32 -c 12-15
vct name cpu12 cpu13 cpu14 cpu15
------------------------]------------------------------------
6c dtlb-prot 817 754 1018 560
108 syscall-32 1426 1647 2186 1142
vct name cpu12 cpu13 cpu14 cpu15
------------------------]------------------------------------
6c dtlb-prot 1085 996 800 707
108 syscall-32 2578 2167 1638 1452
Example 6 Using trapstat with a Higher Sampling Rate
The following example uses the -r option to specify a sam-
pling rate of 1000 samples per second, and filter only for
the level-10 trap. Additionally, specifying the -P option
yields parsable output.
Notice the timestamp difference between the level-10 events:
9,998,000 nanoseconds and 10,007,000 nanoseconds. These
level-10 events correspond to the system clock, which by
default ticks at 100 hertz (that is, every 10,000,000
nanoseconds).
example# trapstat -e level-10 -P -r 1000
1070400 0 4a level-10 0
2048600 0 4a level-10 0
3030400 0 4a level-10 1
4035800 0 4a level-10 0
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5027200 0 4a level-10 0
6027200 0 4a level-10 0
7027400 0 4a level-10 0
8028200 0 4a level-10 0
9026400 0 4a level-10 0
10029600 0 4a level-10 0
11028600 0 4a level-10 0
12024000 0 4a level-10 0
13028400 0 4a level-10 1
14031200 0 4a level-10 0
15027200 0 4a level-10 0
16027600 0 4a level-10 0
17025000 0 4a level-10 0
18026000 0 4a level-10 0
19027800 0 4a level-10 0
20025600 0 4a level-10 0
21025200 0 4a level-10 0
22025000 0 4a level-10 0
23035400 0 4a level-10 1
24027400 0 4a level-10 0
25026000 0 4a level-10 0
26027000 0 4a level-10 0
ATRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
ATRIBUTE TYPE ATRIBUTE VALUE
Availability SUNWcsu
Interface Stability
Human Readable Output Unstable
Parsable Output Evolving
SEE ALSO
lockstat(1M), pmap(1), psrset(1M), psrinfo(1M), pbind(1M),
ppgsz(1), getpagesizes(3C)
Sun Microelectronics UltraSPARC I User's Manual, January
1997, STP1031,
The SPARC Architecture Manual, Version 9, 1994, Prentice-
Hall.
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System Administration Commands trapstat(1M)
NOTES
When enabled, trapstat induces a varying probe effect,
depending on the type of information collected. While the
precise probe effect depends upon the specifics of the
hardware, the following table can be used as a rough guide:
Option Approximate probe effect
default 3-5% per trap
-e 3-5% per specified trap
-t, -T 40-45% per TLB miss trap hitting in the TSB, 25-30% per
TLB miss trap missing in the TSB
These probe effects are per trap not for the system as a
whole. For example, running trapstat with the default
options on a system that spends 7% of total time handling
traps induces a performance degradation of less than one
half of one percent; running trapstat with the -t or -T
option on a system spending 5% of total time processing TLB
misses induce a performance degradation of no more than
2.5%.
When run with the -t or -T option, trapstat accounts for its
probe effect when calculating the %tim fields. This assures
that the %tim fields are a reasonably accurate indicator of
the time a given workload is spending handling TLB misses -
regardless of the perturbing presence of trapstat.
While the %tim fields include the explicit cost of executing
the TLB miss handler, they do not include the implicit costs
of TLB miss traps (for example, pipeline effects, cache pol-
lution, etc). These implicit costs become more significant
as the trap rate grows; if high %tim values are reported
(greater than 50%), you can accurately infer that much of
the balance of time is being spent on the implicit costs of
the TLB miss traps.
Due to the potential system wide degradation induced, only
the super-user can run trapstat.
Due to the limitation of the underlying statistics gathering
methodology, only one instance of trapstat can run at a
time.
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