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Tk Built-In Commands entry(1T)

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NAME

entry - Create and manipulate entry widgets

SYNOPSIS

entry pathName ?options?

STANDARD OPTIONS

-background -highlightthickness -selectbackground

-borderwidth -insertbackground -selectborderwidth

-cursor -insertborderwidth -selectforeground

-exportselection -insertofftime -takefocus

-font -insertontime -textvariable

-foreground -insertwidth -xscrollcommand

-highlightbackground -justify

-highlightcolor -relief

See the options manual entry for details on the standard

options.

WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS

Command-Line Name:-disabledbackground |

Database Name: disabledBackground | Database Class: DisabledBackground | ||

Specifies the background color to use when the entry is |

disabled. If this option is the empty string, the nor- |

mal background color is used. |

Command-Line Name:-disabledforeground |

Database Name: disabledForeground | Database Class: DisabledForeground | ||

Specifies the foreground color to use when the entry is |

disabled. If this option is the empty string, the nor- |

mal foreground color is used. |

Command-Line Name:-invalidcommand or -invcmd |

Database Name: invalidCommand | Database Class: InvalidCommand | || Specifies a script to eval when validateCommand returns | 0. Setting it to {} disables this feature (the | default). The best use of this option is to set it to | bell. See Validation below for more information. |

Command-Line Name:-readonlybackground |

Database Name: readonlyBackground | Tk Last change: 8.3 1

Tk Built-In Commands entry(1T)

Database Class: ReadonlyBackground | ||

Specifies the background color to use when the entry is |

readonly. If this option is the empty string, the nor- |

mal background color is used.

Command-Line Name:-show

Database Name: show Database Class: Show If this option is specified, then the true contents of

the entry are not displayed in the window. Instead,

each character in the entry's value will be displayed

as the first character in the value of this option, such as ``*''. This is useful, for example, if the

entry is to be used to enter a password. If characters

in the entry are selected and copied elsewhere, the

information copied will be what is displayed, not the

true contents of the entry. |

Command-Line Name:-state |

Database Name: state | Database Class: State | ||

Specifies one of three states for the entry: normal, |

disabled, or readonly. If the entry is readonly, then |

the value may not be changed using widget commands and | no insertion cursor will be displayed, even if the | input focus is in the widget; the contents of the |

widget may still be selected. If the entry is dis- |

abled, the value may not be changed, no insertion cur- |

sor will be displayed, the contents will not be select- |

able, and the entry may be displayed in a different |

color, depending on the values of the -disabledfore- |

ground and -disabledbackground options. |

Command-Line Name:-validate |

Database Name: validate | Database Class: Validate | || Specifies the mode in which validation should operate: | none, focus, focusin, focusout, key, or all. It | defaults to none. When you want validation, you must |

explicitly state which mode you wish to use. See Vali- |

dation below for more. |

Command-Line Name:-validatecommand or -vcmd |

Database Name: validateCommand | Database Class: ValidateCommand | Tk Last change: 8.3 2

Tk Built-In Commands entry(1T)

|| Specifies a script to eval when you want to validate |

the input into the entry widget. Setting it to {} dis- |

ables this feature (the default). This command must | return a valid Tcl boolean value. If it returns 0 (or | the valid Tcl boolean equivalent) then it means you | reject the new edition and it will not occur and the | invalidCommand will be evaluated if it is set. If it | returns 1, then the new edition occurs. See Validation | below for more information.

Command-Line Name:-width

Database Name: width Database Class: Width Specifies an integer value indicating the desired width

of the entry window, in average-size characters of the

widget's font. If the value is less than or equal to zero, the widget picks a size just large enough to hold its current text.

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DESCRIPTION

The entry command creates a new window (given by the path-

Name argument) and makes it into an entry widget. Addi-

tional options, described above, may be specified on the command line or in the option database to configure aspects

of the entry such as its colors, font, and relief. The

entry command returns its pathName argument. At the time

this command is invoked, there must not exist a window named pathName, but pathName's parent must exist.

An entry is a widget that displays a one-line text string

and allows that string to be edited using widget commands described below, which are typically bound to keystrokes and

mouse actions. When first created, an entry's string is

empty. A portion of the entry may be selected as described

below. If an entry is exporting its selection (see the

exportSelection option), then it will observe the standard

X11 protocols for handling the selection; entry selections

are available as type STRING. Entries also observe the standard Tk rules for dealing with the input focus. When an

entry has the input focus it displays an insertion cursor to

indicate where new characters will be inserted. Entries are capable of displaying strings that are too long to fit entirely within the widget's window. In this case, only a portion of the string will be displayed; commands

described below may be used to change the view in the win-

dow. Entries use the standard xScrollCommand mechanism for interacting with scrollbars (see the description of the Tk Last change: 8.3 3

Tk Built-In Commands entry(1T)

xScrollCommand option for details). They also support scan-

ning, as described below. VALIDATION Validation works by setting the validateCommand option to a | script which will be evaluated according to the validate | option as follows: | none || Default. This means no validation will occur. | focus ||

validateCommand will be called when the entry |

receives or loses focus. |

focu- |

sin ||

validateCommand will be called when the entry |

receives focus. |

focu- |

sout ||

validateCommand will be called when the entry |

loses focus. | key ||

validateCommand will be called when the entry is |

edited. | all ||

validateCommand will be called for all above con- |

ditions. |

It is possible to perform percent substitutions on the vali- |

dateCommand and invalidCommand, just as you would in a bind | script. The following substitutions are recognized: |

%d ||

Type of action: 1 for insert, 0 for delete, or -1 for |

focus, forced or textvariable validation. |

%i ||

Index of char string to be inserted/deleted, if any, |

otherwise -1. |

%P ||

The value of the entry if the edit is allowed. If you |

are configuring the entry widget to have a new |

textvariable, this will be the value of that textvari- |

able. |

%s ||

Tk Last change: 8.3 4

Tk Built-In Commands entry(1T)

The current value of entry prior to editing. |

%S ||

The text string being inserted/deleted, if any, {} oth- |

erwise. |

%v ||

The type of validation currently set. |

%V ||

The type of validation that triggered the callback | (key, focusin, focusout, forced). |

%W ||

The name of the entry widget. |

In general, the textVariable and validateCommand can be | dangerous to mix. Any problems have been overcome so that |

using the validateCommand will not interfere with the tradi- |

tional behavior of the entry widget. Using the textVariable |

for read-only purposes will never cause problems. The |

danger comes when you try set the textVariable to something | that the validateCommand would not accept, which causes | validate to become none (the invalidCommand will not be |

triggered). The same happens when an error occurs evaluat- |

ing the validateCommand. | Primarily, an error will occur when the validateCommand or | invalidCommand encounters an error in its script while | evaluating or validateCommand does not return a valid Tcl | boolean value. The validate option will also set itself to |

none when you edit the entry widget from within either the |

validateCommand or the invalidCommand. Such editions will | override the one that was being validated. If you wish to |

edit the entry widget (for example set it to {}) during |

validation and still have the validate option set, you | should include the command |

after idle {%W config -validate %v} |

in the validateCommand or invalidCommand (whichever one you |

were editing the entry widget from). It is also recommended |

to not set an associated textVariable during validation, as |

that can cause the entry widget to become out of sync with |

the textVariable. WIDGET COMMAND

The entry command creates a new Tcl command whose name is

pathName. This command may be used to invoke various opera-

tions on the widget. It has the following general form: pathName option ?arg arg ...?

Option and the args determine the exact behavior of the com-

mand. Tk Last change: 8.3 5

Tk Built-In Commands entry(1T)

Many of the widget commands for entries take one or more

indices as arguments. An index specifies a particular char-

acter in the entry's string, in any of the following ways:

number Specifies the character as a numerical index, where 0 corresponds to the first character in the string. anchor Indicates the anchor point for the selection, which is set with the select from and select adjust widget commands. end Indicates the character just after the last one

in the entry's string. This is equivalent to

specifying a numerical index equal to the length

of the entry's string.

insert Indicates the character adjacent to and immedi-

ately following the insertion cursor. sel.first Indicates the first character in the selection. It is an error to use this form if the selection

isn't in the entry window.

sel.last Indicates the character just after the last one in the selection. It is an error to use this

form if the selection isn't in the entry window.

@number In this form, number is treated as an x-

coordinate in the entry's window; the character

spanning that x-coordinate is used. For exam-

ple, ``@0'' indicates the left-most character in

the window. Abbreviations may be used for any of the forms above, e.g.

``e'' or ``sel.f''. In general, out-of-range indices are

automatically rounded to the nearest legal value.

The following commands are possible for entry widgets:

pathName bbox index Returns a list of four numbers describing the bounding box of the character given by index. The first two elements of the list give the x and y coordinates of

the upper-left corner of the screen area covered by the

character (in pixels relative to the widget) and the last two elements give the width and height of the character, in pixels. The bounding box may refer to a region outside the visible area of the window. pathName cget option Returns the current value of the configuration option Tk Last change: 8.3 6

Tk Built-In Commands entry(1T)

given by option. Option may have any of the values

accepted by the entry command.

pathName configure ?option? ?value option value ...? Query or modify the configuration options of the widget. If no option is specified, returns a list describing all of the available options for pathName

(see Tk_ConfigureInfo for information on the format of

this list). If option is specified with no value, then the command returns a list describing the one named

option (this list will be identical to the correspond-

ing sublist of the value returned if no option is

specified). If one or more option-value pairs are

specified, then the command modifies the given widget option(s) to have the given value(s); in this case the command returns an empty string. Option may have any

of the values accepted by the entry command.

pathName delete first ?last?

Delete one or more elements of the entry. First is the

index of the first character to delete, and last is the index of the character just after the last one to delete. If last isn't specified it defaults to

first+1, i.e. a single character is deleted. This com-

mand returns an empty string. pathName get

Returns the entry's string.

pathName icursor index Arrange for the insertion cursor to be displayed just before the character given by index. Returns an empty string. pathName index index Returns the numerical index corresponding to index. pathName insert index string

Insert the characters of string just before the charac-

ter indicated by index. Returns an empty string. pathName scan option args This command is used to implement scanning on entries. It has two forms, depending on option: pathName scan mark x

Records x and the current view in the entry win-

dow; used in conjunction with later scan dragto commands. Typically this command is associated with a mouse button press in the widget. It returns an empty string. Tk Last change: 8.3 7

Tk Built-In Commands entry(1T)

pathName scan dragto x This command computes the difference between its x argument and the x argument to the last scan mark command for the widget. It then adjusts the view

left or right by 10 times the difference in x-

coordinates. This command is typically associated with mouse motion events in the widget, to produce

the effect of dragging the entry at high speed

through the window. The return value is an empty string. pathName selection option arg This command is used to adjust the selection within an

entry. It has several forms, depending on option:

pathName selection adjust index Locate the end of the selection nearest to the character given by index, and adjust that end of the selection to be at index (i.e. including but not going beyond index). The other end of the selection is made the anchor point for future select to commands. If the selection isn't

currently in the entry, then a new selection is

created to include the characters between index and the most recent selection anchor point, inclusive. Returns an empty string. pathName selection clear Clear the selection if it is currently in this widget. If the selection isn't in this widget then the command has no effect. Returns an empty string. pathName selection from index Set the selection anchor point to just before the character given by index. Doesn't change the selection. Returns an empty string. pathName selection present Returns 1 if there is are characters selected in

the entry, 0 if nothing is selected.

pathName selection range start end Sets the selection to include the characters starting with the one indexed by start and ending with the one just before end. If end refers to the same character as start or an earlier one,

then the entry's selection is cleared.

pathName selection to index If index is before the anchor point, set the selection to the characters from index up to but Tk Last change: 8.3 8

Tk Built-In Commands entry(1T)

not including the anchor point. If index is the same as the anchor point, do nothing. If index is after the anchor point, set the selection to the characters from the anchor point up to but not including index. The anchor point is determined by the most recent select from or select adjust command in this widget. If the selection isn't in this widget then a new selection is created using the most recent anchor point specified for the widget. Returns an empty string. pathName validate || This command is used to force an evaluation of the | validateCommand independent of the conditions specified | by the validate option. This is done by temporarily | setting the validate option to all. It returns 0 or 1. pathName xview args This command is used to query and change the horizontal position of the text in the widget's window. It can take any of the following forms: pathName xview

Returns a list containing two elements. Each ele-

ment is a real fraction between 0 and 1; together they describe the horizontal span that is visible in the window. For example, if the first element

is .2 and the second element is .6, 20% of the

entry's text is off-screen to the left, the middle

40% is visible in the window, and 40% of the text

is off-screen to the right. These are the same

values passed to scrollbars via the -xscrollcom-

mand option. pathName xview index

Adjusts the view in the window so that the charac-

ter given by index is displayed at the left edge of the window. pathName xview moveto fraction

Adjusts the view in the window so that the charac-

ter fraction of the way through the text appears at the left edge of the window. Fraction must be a fraction between 0 and 1. pathName xview scroll number what This command shifts the view in the window left or right according to number and what. Number must be an integer. What must be either units or pages or an abbreviation of one of these. If what is units, the view adjusts left or right by number

average-width characters on the display; if it is

Tk Last change: 8.3 9

Tk Built-In Commands entry(1T)

pages then the view adjusts by number screenfuls. If number is negative then characters farther to the left become visible; if it is positive then characters farther to the right become visible. DEFAULT BINDINGS Tk automatically creates class bindings for entries that

give them the following default behavior. In the descrip-

tions below, ``word'' refers to a contiguous group of

letters, digits, or ``_'' characters, or any single charac-

ter other than these. [1] Clicking mouse button 1 positions the insertion cursor just before the character underneath the mouse cursor, sets the input focus to this widget, and clears any selection in the widget. Dragging with mouse button 1 strokes out a selection between the insertion cursor and the character under the mouse.

[2] Double-clicking with mouse button 1 selects the word

under the mouse and positions the insertion cursor at the end of the word. Dragging after a double click will stroke out a selection consisting of whole words.

[3] Triple-clicking with mouse button 1 selects all of the

text in the entry and positions the insertion cursor at

the end of the line. [4] The ends of the selection can be adjusted by dragging with mouse button 1 while the Shift key is down; this will adjust the end of the selection that was nearest to the mouse cursor when button 1 was pressed. If the

button is double-clicked before dragging then the

selection will be adjusted in units of whole words. [5] Clicking mouse button 1 with the Control key down will

position the insertion cursor in the entry without

affecting the selection. [6] If any normal printing characters are typed in an

entry, they are inserted at the point of the insertion

cursor.

[7] The view in the entry can be adjusted by dragging with

mouse button 2. If mouse button 2 is clicked without moving the mouse, the selection is copied into the

entry at the position of the mouse cursor.

[8] If the mouse is dragged out of the entry on the left or

right sides while button 1 is pressed, the entry will

automatically scroll to make more text visible (if

there is more text off-screen on the side where the

Tk Last change: 8.3 10

Tk Built-In Commands entry(1T)

mouse left the window). [9] The Left and Right keys move the insertion cursor one character to the left or right; they also clear any

selection in the entry and set the selection anchor.

If Left or Right is typed with the Shift key down, then the insertion cursor moves and the selection is

extended to include the new character. Control-Left

and Control-Right move the insertion cursor by words,

and Control-Shift-Left and Control-Shift-Right move the

insertion cursor by words and also extend the selec-

tion. Control-b and Control-f behave the same as Left

and Right, respectively. Meta-b and Meta-f behave the

same as Control-Left and Control-Right, respectively.

[10] The Home key, or Control-a, will move the insertion

cursor to the beginning of the entry and clear any

selection in the entry. Shift-Home moves the insertion

cursor to the beginning of the entry and also extends

the selection to that point.

[11] The End key, or Control-e, will move the insertion cur-

sor to the end of the entry and clear any selection in

the entry. Shift-End moves the cursor to the end and

extends the selection to that point.

[12] The Select key and Control-Space set the selection

anchor to the position of the insertion cursor. They

don't affect the current selection. Shift-Select and

Control-Shift-Space adjust the selection to the current

position of the insertion cursor, selecting from the anchor to the insertion cursor if there was not any selection previously.

[13] Control-/ selects all the text in the entry.

[14] Control-\ clears any selection in the entry.

[15] The F16 key (labelled Copy on many Sun workstations) or

Meta-w copies the selection in the widget to the clip-

board, if there is a selection. [16] The F20 key (labelled Cut on many Sun workstations) or

Control-w copies the selection in the widget to the

clipboard and deletes the selection. If there is no selection in the widget then these keys have no effect. [17] The F18 key (labelled Paste on many Sun workstations)

or Control-y inserts the contents of the clipboard at

the position of the insertion cursor. [18] The Delete key deletes the selection, if there is one Tk Last change: 8.3 11

Tk Built-In Commands entry(1T)

in the entry. If there is no selection, it deletes the

character to the right of the insertion cursor.

[19] The BackSpace key and Control-h delete the selection,

if there is one in the entry. If there is no selec-

tion, it deletes the character to the left of the insertion cursor.

[20] Control-d deletes the character to the right of the

insertion cursor.

[21] Meta-d deletes the word to the right of the insertion

cursor.

[22] Control-k deletes all the characters to the right of

the insertion cursor.

[23] Control-t reverses the order of the two characters to

the right of the insertion cursor.

If the entry is disabled using the -state option, then the

entry's view can still be adjusted and text in the entry can

still be selected, but no insertion cursor will be displayed and no text modifications will take place except if the |

entry is linked to a variable using the -textvariable |

option, in which case any changes to the variable are |

reflected by the entry whatever the value of its -state |

option.

The behavior of entries can be changed by defining new bind-

ings for individual widgets or by redefining the class bind-

ings. KEYWORDS

entry, widget

ATTRIBUTES

See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-

butes: Tk Last change: 8.3 12

Tk Built-In Commands entry(1T)

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| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE|

|____________________|__________________|_

| Availability | runtime/tk-8 |

|____________________|__________________|_

| Interface Stability| Uncommitted |

|____________________|_________________|

NOTES Source for Tk is available on http://opensolaris.org. Tk Last change: 8.3 13