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☕ java.lang — Core language classes — String, Math, System, Object

Automatically imported into every Java program. Contains the most fundamental classes: String, Math, System, Integer, Object, Thread, and all wrapper types.

Import: import java.lang.*; | Docs: Oracle JavaDoc

📋 Classes, Methods & Constants

NameSignatureDescription
System.out.printlnstatic void println(Object x)Print x followed by newline to stdout
System.out.printstatic void print(Object x)Print x without newline
System.out.printfstatic PrintStream printf(String fmt, Object... args)Formatted output
System.err.printlnstatic void println(Object x)Print to stderr
System.exitstatic void exit(int status)Terminate JVM with status code
System.currentTimeMillisstatic long currentTimeMillis()Return current time in milliseconds since epoch
System.nanoTimestatic long nanoTime()Return nanoseconds (for elapsed time measurement)
System.getenvstatic String getenv(String name)Get environment variable value
System.getPropertystatic String getProperty(String key)Get JVM system property
String.lengthint length()Return number of characters
String.charAtchar charAt(int index)Return char at index
String.substringString substring(int begin, int end)Return substring [begin, end)
String.indexOfint indexOf(String str)Return index of first occurrence
String.containsboolean contains(CharSequence s)True if string contains s
String.startsWithboolean startsWith(String prefix)True if starts with prefix
String.endsWithboolean endsWith(String suffix)True if ends with suffix
String.replaceString replace(CharSequence old, CharSequence new)Replace all occurrences
String.splitString[] split(String regex)Split by regex into array
String.trimString trim()Remove leading/trailing whitespace
String.stripString strip()Unicode-aware trim (Java 11+)
String.toUpperCaseString toUpperCase()Return uppercase copy
String.toLowerCaseString toLowerCase()Return lowercase copy
String.equalsboolean equals(Object obj)Content equality check
String.equalsIgnoreCaseboolean equalsIgnoreCase(String s)Case-insensitive equality
String.formatstatic String format(String fmt, Object... args)Format string (like printf)
String.valueOfstatic String valueOf(Object obj)Convert any type to String
String.joinstatic String join(CharSequence delim, CharSequence... elems)Join with delimiter (Java 8+)
String.isEmptyboolean isEmpty()True if length() == 0
String.isBlankboolean isBlank()True if empty or only whitespace (Java 11+)
String.repeatString repeat(int count)Return string repeated count times (Java 11+)
Math.absstatic double abs(double a)Absolute value
Math.sqrtstatic double sqrt(double a)Square root
Math.powstatic double pow(double a, double b)a raised to power b
Math.maxstatic double max(double a, double b)Maximum of a and b
Math.minstatic double min(double a, double b)Minimum of a and b
Math.roundstatic long round(double a)Round to nearest long
Math.floorstatic double floor(double a)Round down
Math.ceilstatic double ceil(double a)Round up
Math.randomstatic double random()Random double in [0.0, 1.0)
Math.PIstatic final double PI = 3.14159...Mathematical constant π
Math.Estatic final double E = 2.71828...Euler's number e
Integer.parseIntstatic int parseInt(String s)Parse decimal string to int
Integer.parseIntstatic int parseInt(String s, int radix)Parse string in given base
Integer.toStringstatic String toString(int i)Convert int to decimal String
Integer.MAX_VALUEstatic final int MAX_VALUE = 2147483647Maximum int value
Integer.MIN_VALUEstatic final int MIN_VALUE = -2147483648Minimum int value
Double.parseDoublestatic double parseDouble(String s)Parse string to double
Boolean.parseBooleanstatic boolean parseBoolean(String s)Parse 'true'/'false' string
StringBuilder.appendStringBuilder append(Object obj)Append value to builder
StringBuilder.toStringString toString()Return built string
StringBuilder.lengthint length()Return current length
StringBuilder.insertStringBuilder insert(int offset, Object obj)Insert at position
StringBuilder.deleteStringBuilder delete(int start, int end)Delete [start, end)
StringBuilder.reverseStringBuilder reverse()Reverse the sequence

💡 Example Program

Save as ClassName.java (matching the public class name), compile with javac ClassName.java, run with java ClassName.

public class JavaLangDemo {

    // Custom exception
    static class AgeException extends RuntimeException {
        AgeException(String msg) { super(msg); }
    }

    static int validateAge(String input) {
        int age = Integer.parseInt(input);
        if (age < 0 || age > 150)
            throw new AgeException("Invalid age: " + age);
        return age;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // String operations
        String s = "  Hello, Java World!  ";
        System.out.println(s.strip());
        System.out.println(s.toUpperCase().trim());
        System.out.println("Contains 'Java': " + s.contains("Java"));
        System.out.println("Split: " + String.join("|", s.trim().split(", ")));

        // Math
        System.out.printf("sqrt(2)   = %.6f%n", Math.sqrt(2));
        System.out.printf("pow(2,10) = %.0f%n",  Math.pow(2, 10));
        System.out.printf("PI        = %.10f%n", Math.PI);

        // StringBuilder
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
            sb.append("item").append(i).append(" ");
        System.out.println(sb.toString().strip());
        System.out.println(sb.reverse().toString().strip());

        // parseInt + custom exception
        for (String input : new String[]{"25", "abc", "-1"}) {
            try {
                System.out.println("Age: " + validateAge(input));
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                System.out.println("Not a number: " + input);
            } catch (AgeException e) {
                System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            }
        }

        // System info
        System.out.println("Java version: " + System.getProperty("java.version"));
        System.out.println("OS: " + System.getProperty("os.name"));
        System.out.println("Time ms: " + System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
}
// Compile: javac JavaLangDemo.java
// Run:     java JavaLangDemo

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